Aconitum napellus (root) - Revision history

Staffer: Botanical Voucher Kew added

2014-08-18T22:09:41Z

Botanical Voucher Kew added

Admin: add askbox

2014-06-02T17:24:32Z

add askbox

Admin at 19:44, 25 April 2014

2014-04-25T19:44:19Z

Admin at 01:28, 16 March 2014

2014-03-16T01:28:12Z

Admin at 01:27, 16 March 2014

2014-03-16T01:27:36Z

Admin at 01:26, 16 March 2014

2014-03-16T01:26:48Z

Staffer: Corrected title formatting

2014-03-15T20:42:41Z

Corrected title formatting

Admin: new template

2014-03-13T20:13:40Z

new template

Staffer: Nomenclature updated

2014-03-13T15:26:14Z

Nomenclature updated

Admin at 21:12, 12 December 2013

2013-12-12T21:12:29Z

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
-{{Media |cat=Voucher
+{{Media3 |cat=Voucher
 | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
               | mainimage=Aconitum napellus Tropicos 100190599.jpg
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
               | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100190599
               | source=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 05 Aug 2013
               | }}

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 2 June 2014
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−	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Aconitum napellus'' (root) }}	+	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Aconitum napellus'' (root) }} {{askbox\|herb=''Aconitum napellus''}}
	=Nomenclature=		=Nomenclature=

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 {| border=1
+|
-{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
+{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description="[''Aconitum Napellus''] seeds are ... very acrid.
 "The fresh leaves have a faint narcotic odor, most sensible when they are rubbed. Their taste is at first bitterish and herbaceous, afterwards burning and acrid, with a feeling of numbness and tingling on the inside of the lips, tongue, and fauces, which is very durable, lasting sometimes many hours. When long chewed, they inflame the tongue. The dried leaves have a similar taste, but the acrid impression commences later."}}
-{{Macroscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
+{{Organolepsy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
 | description=&nbsp;
              | color=Light brown.

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
+|
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description="''Aconitum Napellus'' is a perennial herbaceous plant,
+| description="''Aconitum Napellus'' is a perennial herbaceous plant, with a conical- shaped, tapering root, seldom exceeding 10 cm. in length and 2 cm. in thickness near the summit, brownish externally, whitish and fleshy within, and sending forth numerous long, thick, fleshy rootlets. When the plant is in full growth, there are usually two roots joined together, of which the older is dark brown and supports the stem, while the younger is of a light yellowish-brown, and is destined to furnish the stem of the following year, the old root decaying.
 with a conical- shaped, tapering root, seldom exceeding 10 cm. in length and 2 cm. in thickness near the summit, brownish externally, whitish and fleshy within, and sending forth numerous long, thick, fleshy rootlets. When the plant is in full growth, there are usually two roots joined together, of which the older is dark brown and supports the stem, while the younger is of a light yellowish-brown, and is destined to furnish the stem of the following year, the old root decaying.
 "The stem is erect, round, smooth, leafy, usually simple, and from two to six or even eight feet high. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, divided almost to the base, from two to four inches in diameter, deep green upon their upper surface, light green beneath, somewhat rigid, and more or less smooth and shining on both sides. Those on the lower part of the stem have long footstalks and five or seven divisions; the upper, short footstalks and three or five divisions. The divisions are wedge-form, with two or three lobes, which extend nearly or quite to the middle. The lobes are cleft or toothed, and the lacinise or teeth are linear or linear-lanceolate and pointed. The flowers are of a dark violet-blue color, large and beautiful, and are borne at the summit of the stem upon a thick, simple, straight, erect, spike-like raceme, beneath which, in the cultivated plant, several smaller racemes arise from the axils of the upper leaves. Though without calyx, they have two small calycinal stipules, situated on the peduncle within a few millimeters of the flower. The petals are five, the upper helmet-shaped and beaked, nearly hemispherical, open or closed, the two lateral roundish and internally hairy, the two lower oblong-oval. They enclose two pediceled nectaries, of which the spur is capitate, and the lip bifid and revolute. The fruit consists of three, four, or five follicles. The seeds are wrinkled or scaly ..."}}

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
-{{Media |Cat=Voucher
+{{Media |cat=Voucher
 | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
               | mainimage=Aconitum napellus Tropicos 100190599.jpg
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 "The fresh leaves have a faint narcotic odor, most sensible when they are rubbed. Their taste is at first bitterish and herbaceous, afterwards burning and acrid, with a feeling of numbness and tingling on the inside of the lips, tongue, and fauces, which is very durable, lasting sometimes many hours. When long chewed, they inflame the tongue. The dried leaves have a similar taste, but the acrid impression commences later."}}
 {{Macroscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
              | color=Light brown.
              | texture=Dry, slightly starchy or mealy feel.

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
-{{Macroscopy | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
+{{Media |Cat=Voucher
               | mainimage=Aconitum napellus Tropicos 100190599.jpg
               | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
               | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100190599
-              | caption1=''Aconitum napellus'' - Tropicos.org (Unknown - s.n.)
+              | source=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 05 Aug 2013
-             | description=Wolf's Bane (leaf) (''Aconitum napellus'')
-             | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 05 Aug 2013 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100190599>
               | }}
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description="[''Aconitum Napellus''] seeds are ... very acrid.
 "The fresh leaves have a faint narcotic odor, most sensible when they are rubbed. Their taste is at first bitterish and herbaceous, afterwards burning and acrid, with a feeling of numbness and tingling on the inside of the lips, tongue, and fauces, which is very durable, lasting sometimes many hours. When long chewed, they inflame the tongue. The dried leaves have a similar taste, but the acrid impression commences later."}}
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
+{| border=1
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description="''Aconitum Napellus'' is a perennial herbaceous plant,
@@ Line 35: / Line 43: @@
 "The stem is erect, round, smooth, leafy, usually simple, and from two to six or even eight feet high. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, divided almost to the base, from two to four inches in diameter, deep green upon their upper surface, light green beneath, somewhat rigid, and more or less smooth and shining on both sides. Those on the lower part of the stem have long footstalks and five or seven divisions; the upper, short footstalks and three or five divisions. The divisions are wedge-form, with two or three lobes, which extend nearly or quite to the middle. The lobes are cleft or toothed, and the lacinise or teeth are linear or linear-lanceolate and pointed. The flowers are of a dark violet-blue color, large and beautiful, and are borne at the summit of the stem upon a thick, simple, straight, erect, spike-like raceme, beneath which, in the cultivated plant, several smaller racemes arise from the axils of the upper leaves. Though without calyx, they have two small calycinal stipules, situated on the peduncle within a few millimeters of the flower. The petals are five, the upper helmet-shaped and beaked, nearly hemispherical, open or closed, the two lateral roundish and internally hairy, the two lower oblong-oval. They enclose two pediceled nectaries, of which the spur is capitate, and the lip bifid and revolute. The fruit consists of three, four, or five follicles. The seeds are wrinkled or scaly ..."}}
+|}
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
+{| border=1
 {{Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
              | characteristics=Predominating elements are derived from the more or less broken, large, rather thick-walled, essentially isodiametric closely united parenchyma cells filled with compound starch granules.  A few slightly brownish, essentially rectangular only slightly elongated, rather thin-walled, very porous sclerenchyma cells, which generally occur singly, rarely in twos.  Some porus ducts and tracheids; spiral ducts rare.
@@ Line 51: / Line 54: @@
              | adulterants=Among the possible adulterants are horseradish, (simple, oval to elliptical starch granules, 5μ to 15μ, with very distinct hili and lamellations); ''A. Fischeri'', (starch granules mostly simple and in twos and the aggregates of five to nine).  Single granules somewhat larger than in ''A. napellus'' and some of the sclerenchyma cells considerably elongated; Japanese aconite (sclerenchyma cells wanting).  Suspect other species and varieties of aconite, also the use of exhausted powder, crowns and stem parts (fibrous tissue excessive and a few 2- to 5-celled trichromes).  Suspect roots from other groups of plants.
              | }}
+{{Media |cat=Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
 =High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:42, 15 March 2014
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		+	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Aconitum napellus'' (root) }}
	=Nomenclature=		=Nomenclature=

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =Introduction=
 =Macroscopic Entries=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =Introduction=
-''Introduction from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconitum_napellus, retrieved 02/20/2012).''
+=Macroscopic Entries=
-''Aconitum napellus'' (Monkshood, "aconite", "Wolf's Bane", ''Fuzi'', "Monk's Blood", or "Monk's Hood") is a species of Aconitum in the family Ranunculaceae, native and endemic to western and central Europe.
+The stem is erect, round, smooth, leafy, usually simple, and from two to six or even eight feet high. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, divided almost to the base, from two to four inches in diameter, deep green upon their upper surface, light green beneath, somewhat rigid, and more or less smooth and shining on both sides. Those on the lower part of the stem have long footstalks and five or seven divisions; the upper, short footstalks and three or five divisions. The divisions are wedge-form, with two or three lobes, which extend nearly or quite to the middle. The lobes are cleft or toothed, and the lacinise or teeth are linear or linear-lanceolate and pointed. The flowers are of a dark violet-blue color, large and beautiful, and are borne at the summit of the stem upon a thick, simple, straight, erect, spike-like raceme, beneath which, in the cultivated plant, several smaller racemes arise from the axils of the upper leaves. Though without calyx, they have two small calycinal stipules, situated on the peduncle within a few millimeters of the flower. The petals are five, the upper helmet-shaped and beaked, nearly hemispherical, open or closed, the two lateral roundish and internally hairy, the two lower oblong-oval. They enclose two pediceled nectaries, of which the spur is capitate, and the lip bifid and revolute. The fruit consists of three, four, or five follicles. The seeds are wrinkled or scaly and very acrid.
-It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 m tall, with hairless stems and leaves. The leaves are rounded, 5–10 cm diameter, palmately divided into five to seven deeply lobed segments. The flowers are dark purple to bluish-purple, narrow oblong helmet-shaped, 1–2 cm tall.
+The fresh leaves have a faint narcotic odor, most sensible when they are rubbed. Their taste is at first bitterish and herbaceous, afterwards burning and acrid, with a feeling of numbness and tingling on the inside of the lips, tongue, and fauces, which is very durable, lasting sometimes many hours. When long chewed, they inflame the tongue. The dried leaves have a similar taste, but the acrid impression commences later.
+}}
-Plants are grown in gardens in temperate zones for their spike-like inflorescences that are showy in early-mid summer and their attractive foliage. There are white and rose colored forms in cultivation too.
-−
-''The quoted text in this section was licensed for use under the Creative Commons ShareAlike License, version 3.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/''
-=Macroscopic Entries=
 =Microscopic Entries=