Actaea racemosa (root and rhizome) - Revision history

Admin: /* updates to ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program program title */

2018-10-17T17:15:35Z

‎updates to ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program program title

Admin: /* add summary and link to ABC BAPP Lab Guidance for black cohosh */

2018-10-12T18:48:19Z

‎add summary and link to ABC BAPP Lab Guidance for black cohosh

Admin: update camag link from http://www.camag.com/index.php to http://www.camag.com/

2015-12-08T16:51:33Z

update camag link from http://www.camag.com/index.php to http://www.camag.com/

Admin: add headers for methods

2015-10-30T14:48:02Z

add headers for methods

Admin: add HPLC categories

2015-10-30T14:39:17Z

add HPLC categories

Admin: add dna category

2015-10-30T14:10:20Z

add dna category

Admin: citation spelling correction

2014-10-09T16:29:10Z

citation spelling correction

Admin: Add additional raw material macro samples (AHPA 2013/2014)

2014-10-08T20:14:17Z

Add additional raw material macro samples (AHPA 2013/2014)

Admin: correct DNA Taq italic

2014-09-24T14:16:38Z

correct DNA Taq italic

Admin: correct logo for DNA

2014-09-24T14:16:09Z

correct logo for DNA

@@ Line 207: / Line 207: @@
 =Supplementary Information=
-== ABC Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program Laboratory Guidance ==
+== ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program Laboratory Guidance ==
-{{Botanical  | source=ABC, Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program
+{{Botanical  | source=ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program
-            | companyimage=ABC-logo-horiz.jpg
+            | companyimage=BAPP-logo-2018-2line-LOW2.jpg
             | companyURL=http://cms.herbalgram.org/BAP/LGD/BlackCohoshLabGuidanceDocument.html
               | description=Black cohosh (root and rhizome) (''Actaea racemosa'')
-              | characteristics=This [http://cms.herbalgram.org/BAP/LGD/BlackCohoshLabGuidanceDocument.html ABC BAPP Laboratory Guidance Document] presents an overview and comparison of various analytical technologies and methods used to differentiate between authentic black cohosh ingredients and non-authentic materials, with particular discussion of other species of ''Actaea'' and other plants also known in China as ''sheng ma''-type species, phenolic acid profiles, and a detailed literature review of methods (including sample characterization via HPLC, HPTLC, MS, and NMR).
+              | characteristics=This ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program [http://cms.herbalgram.org/BAP/LGD/BlackCohoshLabGuidanceDocument.html black cohosh Laboratory Guidance Document] presents an overview and comparison of various analytical technologies and methods used to differentiate between authentic black cohosh ingredients and non-authentic materials, with particular discussion of other species of ''Actaea'' and other plants also known in China as ''sheng ma''-type species, phenolic acid profiles, and a detailed literature review of methods (including sample characterization via HPLC, HPTLC, MS, and NMR).
                 }}

@@ Line 207: / Line 207: @@
 =Supplementary Information=
 {{Botanical | source=AHPA Known Adulterants
               | description=Black cohosh (root) (''Actaea racemosa'', syn ''Cimicifuga racemosa'')

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 {{HPTLC | source=AHPA Practical, CAMAG HPTLC
               | companyimage=Camag_logo.png
-              | companyURL=http://www.camag.com/index.php
+              | companyURL=http://www.camag.com/
               | mainimage=Camag-blackcohosh-1-d-uv254.png
               | caption1=Black cohosh HPTLC ID - Developed, UV 254 nm

@@ Line 234: / Line 234: @@
 The third citation below employed phytochemical “fingerprinting” using high-performance liquid chromatography with a photo-diode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) to authenticate black cohosh and differentiate it from 14 other Actaea species.
+====HPTLC Methods====
 Verbitski SM, Gourdin GT, Ikenouye LM, McChesney JD, Hildreth J. [http://www.atypon-link.com/AOAC/doi/abs/10.5555/jaoi.91.2.268 Detection of Actaea racemosa adulteration by thin-layer chromatography and combined thin-layer chromatography-bioluminescence.] J AOAC Int. 2008 Mar-Apr;91(2):268-75.
 Ankli A, Reich E, Steiner M. [http://www.atypon-link.com/AOAC/doi/abs/10.5555/jaoi.91.6.1257 Rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for detection of 5% adulteration of black cohosh with ''Cimicifuga foetida'', ''C. heracleifolia'', ''C. dahurica'', or ''C. americana''.] J AOAC Int. 2008 Nov-Dec;91(6):1257-64.
+====HPLC Method====
 [[Category:HPLC]]
 Jiang B, Ma C, Motley T, Kronenberg F, Kennelly EJ. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.1285/abstract Phytochemical fingerprinting to thwart black cohosh adulteration: a 15 ''Actaea'' species analysis.] Phytochem Anal. 2011 Feb 19. doi: 10.1002/pca.1285. [Epub ahead of print] Supporting information is available [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.1285/suppinfo here].
@@ Line 247: / Line 247: @@
 ==Other Publications==
-===Qiu, ''et al.'', 2014===
+===NMR Barcoding, Qiu, ''et al.'', 2014===
 '''2D NMR Barcoding and Differential Analysis of Complex Mixtures for Chemical Identification: The Actaea Triterpenes,'''
 <blockquote>'''Abstract.'''
@@ Line 254: / Line 254: @@
      Qiu, F., McAlpine, J.B., Lankin, D.C., Burton, I., Karakach, T., Chen, S., Pauli G.F. 2014. 2D NMR Barcoding and Differential Analysis of Complex Mixtures for Chemical Identification: The Actaea Triterpenes  ''Analytical Chemistry''  86(8), 3964-3972. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac500188j</ref></blockquote>
-===Cicek, ''et al.'', 2010===
+===Countercurrent Chromatography, Cicek, ''et al.'', 2010===
 '''Development of a fast and convenient method for the isolation of triterpene saponins from Actaea racemosa by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection.'''
@@ Line 262: / Line 262: @@
 Cicek, S.S., Schwaiger, S., Ellmerer, E.P., Stuppner, H. 2010. Development of a fast and convenient method for the isolation of triterpene saponins from Actaea racemosa by high-speed countercurrent chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. ''Planta Med.'' 76(5):467-73.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847744</ref></blockquote>
-===Liu, ''et al.'', 2003===
+===HPLC/MS analysis, Liu, ''et al.'', 2003===
 [[Category:HPLC]]
 '''Identification of caffeic acid derivatives in Actea racemosa (Cimicifuga racemosa, black cohosh) by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.'''

@@ Line 239: / Line 239: @@
 Ankli A, Reich E, Steiner M. [http://www.atypon-link.com/AOAC/doi/abs/10.5555/jaoi.91.6.1257 Rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for detection of 5% adulteration of black cohosh with ''Cimicifuga foetida'', ''C. heracleifolia'', ''C. dahurica'', or ''C. americana''.] J AOAC Int. 2008 Nov-Dec;91(6):1257-64.
 Jiang B, Ma C, Motley T, Kronenberg F, Kennelly EJ. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.1285/abstract Phytochemical fingerprinting to thwart black cohosh adulteration: a 15 ''Actaea'' species analysis.] Phytochem Anal. 2011 Feb 19. doi: 10.1002/pca.1285. [Epub ahead of print] Supporting information is available [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.1285/suppinfo here].
@@ Line 262: / Line 263: @@
 ===Liu, ''et al.'', 2003===
 '''Identification of caffeic acid derivatives in Actea racemosa (Cimicifuga racemosa, black cohosh) by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.'''

@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 =DNA Identification=
 {| border=1
 |[[File:NY_Botanical_Garden_logo.png|right|150x75px]]

@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 | companyURL2=http://www.ahpa.org/Default.aspx?tabid=84
 | image2=2014 BC Virginia AHPA.JPG
-| source2=RAHPA.org. Raw material sample. (2014)
+| source2=AHPA.org. Raw material sample. (2014)
 | companyimage3=14 0924 AHPA logo High Res.jpg

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 "Rhizome horizontal, more or less branching, from 2 to 12 cm. in length, and from 1 to 2.5 cm. in thickness; externally dark brown, slightly annulate from circular scars of bud scale-leaves, the upper surface with numerous stout, erect or somewhat curved branches terminated by deep, cup-shaped sears, each of which usually shows a distinct radiate structure; inferior and lateral portions with numerous root-scars and a few short roots; fracture horny; internally whitish and mealy or dark brown and waxy, bark thin, wood distinctly radiate and of about the same thickness as the pith... Roots somewhat cylindrical or obtusely quadrangular, from 1 to 3 mm. in thickness, externally dark brown, longitudinally wrinkled; fracture short; internally bark dark brown, wood yellowish, 4 to 6-rayed."
 }}
-{{media |cat=Macroscopic
+{{media3 |companyimage=14 0924 AHPA logo High Res.jpg
-|companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
+ | companyURL=http://www.ahpa.org/Default.aspx?tabid=84
-              | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
+ |mainimage=2013 BC Cut and Sifted AHPA.JPG
-|mainimage=Alkemists_Actaea_racemosa_macro.jpg
+ |source=AHPA.org. Raw material sample. (2013)
-            |caption1=Root, cut and sifted
+ |cat=Macroscopic
-            |source=Alkemist Laboratories}}
 |}
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
 {| border=1

@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 '''PCR reaction mixture:'''
-µL final volume containing 1.5 µL PCR buffer (200 mM tris [pH 8.8], 100 mM KCl, 100 mM (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 20 mM MgSO<sub>4</sub>, 1% [v/v] Triton X-100, 50% [w/v] sucrose, 0.25% [w/v] cresol red), 0.2 µM dNTPs, 0.025 μg/μL bovine serum albumin (BSA), 1 μM of each primer, 0.25 units of Taq polymerase, and 0.5 µL template DNA.
+µL final volume containing 1.5 µL PCR buffer (200 mM tris [pH 8.8], 100 mM KCl, 100 mM (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 20 mM MgSO<sub>4</sub>, 1% [v/v] Triton X-100, 50% [w/v] sucrose, 0.25% [w/v] cresol red), 0.2 µM dNTPs, 0.025 μg/μL bovine serum albumin (BSA), 1 μM of each primer, 0.25 units of ''Taq'' polymerase, and 0.5 µL template DNA.
 '''PCR program:''' 95°C for 2.5 min; 35 cycles: 95°C for 30 s, 58°C for 30 s, 72°C for 30 s; 72°C for 10 min.