Chamaemelum nobile (flower) - Revision history

Admin: add PlantaPhile references

2015-05-05T21:57:29Z

add PlantaPhile references

Staffer: Botanical Voucher Kew added

2014-08-18T23:41:24Z

Botanical Voucher Kew added

Admin: add askbox

2014-06-02T17:55:21Z

add askbox

Admin at 19:49, 25 April 2014

2014-04-25T19:49:04Z

Admin at 01:59, 17 March 2014

2014-03-17T01:59:02Z

Staffer: Sources added

2014-03-15T22:32:14Z

Sources added

Staffer: Various title corrections

2014-03-15T21:10:58Z

Various title corrections

Staffer: Nomenclature updated

2014-03-13T18:14:19Z

Nomenclature updated

Admin: /* information from USD 1918 */

2013-12-13T16:48:16Z

‎information from USD 1918

AHPAStaff: addition of hptlc info.--jd

2013-06-21T18:51:29Z

addition of hptlc info.--jd

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 |}
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description=''Anthemis nobilis'' is an herbaceous plant with a perennial root.
@@ Line 37: / Line 39: @@
 By cultivation the yellow disk florets are often converted into the white ray florets. Thus altered, the flowers are said to be double, while those which remain unchanged are called
 single; but, as the conversion may be more or less complete, it generally happens that with each of the varieties there are intermingled some flowers of the other kind, or in different stages of the change. The double flowers are generally preferred; though, as the sensible properties are found in the greatest -degree in the disk florets, the single flower heads are the more powerful. [...] If not well and quickly dried, the flowers lose their beautiful white color, and are less efficient. The flowers which are largest, most double, and whitest should be preferred. They are thus described: "Flower-heads hemispherical, from about twelve to twenty millimetres in diameter, white or pale buff in color. Involucre composed of several rows of oblong bracts with membranous margins; receptable solid, conical, and densely covered with concave, blunt, narrow, scaly bracts; florets mostly ligulate and white, the ligula possessing four veins and terminating in three teeth." Br}}
+{{ Media    | cat=Macroscopy
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
 {{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
 {| border=1

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Chamaemelum nobile'' (flower) }}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Chamaemelum nobile'' (flower) }} {{askbox|herb=''Chamaemelum nobile''}}
-−
 =Nomenclature=
 {{nomenclature | binomial=Chamaemelum nobile
 |authority=(L.) All.

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
-{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
+{| border=1
 | description=The whole herb has a peculiar fragrant odor, and a bitter aromatic taste. [...] It is [...] in aromatic flavor [rather] than in bitterness that the radial florets are surpassed by those of the disk. [...] Strong aromatic odor; taste bitter.
 Chamomile flowers are large, almost spherical, of a dull white color, a fragrant odor, and a  warmish, bitter, aromatic taste. When fresh, their odor is much stronger, and was fancied by the ancients to resemble that of the apple. Hence the name chamaemelum; and it is somewhat singular that the Spanish name manzanilla (a little apple) has a similar derivation. }}
+|}
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description=''Anthemis nobilis'' is an herbaceous plant with a perennial root.
-The stems are from six inches to a foot long, round, slender, downy, trailing, and divided into branches, which turn upward at their extremities. The leaves are bipinnate, the leaflets small, thread-like, somewhat pubescent, acute, and generally divided into three segments. The flowers are solitary, with a yellow convex disk, and white rays. The involucre is of a hemispherical form, and composed of several small imbricated hairy scales. The receptacle is convex, prominent, and furnished with rigid bristle-like paleae. The ray florets are numerous, narrow and terminated with three small teeth. The whole herb has a peculiar fragrant odor, and a bitter aromatic taste.
+The stems are from six inches to a foot long, round, slender, downy, trailing, and divided into branches, which turn upward at their extremities. The leaves are bipinnate, the leaflets small, thread-like, somewhat pubescent, acute, and generally divided into three segments. The flowers are solitary, with a yellow convex disk, and white rays. The involucre is of a hemispherical form, and composed of several small imbricated hairy scales. The receptacle is convex, prominent, and furnished with rigid bristle-like paleae. The ray florets are numerous, narrow and terminated with three small teeth.
 By cultivation the yellow disk florets are often converted into the white ray florets. Thus altered, the flowers are said to be double, while those which remain unchanged are called
-single; but, as the conversion may be more or less complete, it generally happens that with each of the varieties there are intermingled some flowers of the other kind, or in different stages of the change. The double flowers are generally preferred; though, as the sensible properties are found in the greatest -degree in the disk florets, the single flower heads are the more powerful. It is rather, however, in aromatic flavor than in bitterness that the radial florets are surpassed by those of the disk. If not well and quickly dried, the flowers lose their beautiful white color, and are less efficient. The flowers which are largest, most double, and whitest should be preferred. They are thus described: "Flower-heads hemispherical, from about twelve to twenty millimetres in diameter, white or pale buff in color. Involucre composed of several rows
+single; but, as the conversion may be more or less complete, it generally happens that with each of the varieties there are intermingled some flowers of the other kind, or in different stages of the change. The double flowers are generally preferred; though, as the sensible properties are found in the greatest -degree in the disk florets, the single flower heads are the more powerful. [...] If not well and quickly dried, the flowers lose their beautiful white color, and are less efficient. The flowers which are largest, most double, and whitest should be preferred. They are thus described: "Flower-heads hemispherical, from about twelve to twenty millimetres in diameter, white or pale buff in color. Involucre composed of several rows of oblong bracts with membranous margins; receptable solid, conical, and densely covered with concave, blunt, narrow, scaly bracts; florets mostly ligulate and white, the ligula possessing four veins and terminating in three teeth." Br}}
-of oblong bracts with membranous margins; receptable solid, conical, and densely covered with concave, blunt, narrow, scaly bracts; florets mostly ligulate and white, the ligula possessing four veins and terminating in three teeth. Strong aromatic odor; taste bitter." Br
-−
-Chamomile flowers are large, almost spherical, of a dull white color, a fragrant odor, and a  warmish, bitter, aromatic taste. When fresh, their odor is much stronger, and was fancied by the ancients to resemble that of the apple. Hence the name chamaemelum; and it is somewhat singular that the Spanish name manzanilla (a little apple) has a similar derivation.}}
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
-{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
+{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
               | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
               | companyURL=http://www.Alkemist.com
               | mainimage=Roman_chamomile.jpg
               | caption1=Thin walled cells of paleae seen in polarized light observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
-              | description=Roman Chamomile (flowers) (''Anthemis nobilis'')
+| source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
               | image2=Roman_chamomile-1.jpg
               | caption2=Long covering trichome with 4 short basal cells observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 |notes= }}
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
@@ Line 81: / Line 83: @@
               | }}
 =Supplementary Information=

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =Nomenclature=
@@ Line 12: / Line 14: @@
-=Macroscopic Entries=
+=Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description=''Anthemis nobilis'' is an herbaceous plant with a perennial root.
@@ Line 23: / Line 25: @@
 Chamomile flowers are large, almost spherical, of a dull white color, a fragrant odor, and a  warmish, bitter, aromatic taste. When fresh, their odor is much stronger, and was fancied by the ancients to resemble that of the apple. Hence the name chamaemelum; and it is somewhat singular that the Spanish name manzanilla (a little apple) has a similar derivation.}}
-=Microscopic Entries=
+=Microscopic Characteristics=
 {{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
               | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
@@ Line 35: / Line 37: @@
               | reference=British Pharmacopoeia, 2003 or Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Max Wichtl, 3rd ed., 2004
               | }}
-=HPTLC Entries=
+=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
 {{HPTLC | source=HPTLC Association
               | companyimage=HPTLC-assoc-Logo-farbig-Text-schwarz-300x47.png
@@ Line 78: / Line 80: @@
 Test for adulteration: Under UV 366 nm there are no intense red zones (violet zone under white light) between Rf ~ 0.20 and 0.30. No blue zone is seen at the position of parthenolide (orange arrows; Feverfew flower from Mexico). Under UV 366 nm no pink zone (violet zone under white light) at Rf ~ 0.48 corresponding to reference substance parthenolide is seen and there are no brown zones at the position of apigenin at Rf ~ 0.20 (green arrows, Feverfew flower). Under UV 366 nm no blue zone is seen at the position of parthenolide (blue arrow; Chamomile flower). Chamomile flower oil does not show any zones below Rf ~ 0.60.
               | }}
-=Other Points of Interest=
+=Supplementary Information=