Frangula purshiana (bark) - Revision history

Admin at 19:46, 17 March 2015

2015-03-17T19:46:11Z

Admin at 19:45, 17 March 2015

2015-03-17T19:45:46Z

Admin: correct formatting

2015-03-17T19:45:12Z

correct formatting

Admin: correct formatting

2015-03-17T19:44:41Z

correct formatting

Admin: correct formatting

2015-03-17T19:00:39Z

correct formatting

Admin: correct typographical errors

2015-03-17T18:51:26Z

correct typographical errors

Admin: add askbox

2014-06-02T20:09:22Z

add askbox

Admin at 19:43, 25 April 2014

2014-04-25T19:43:47Z

Admin at 15:03, 18 March 2014

2014-03-18T15:03:33Z

Staffer at 23:34, 15 March 2014

2014-03-15T23:34:43Z

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
+|
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description=''Rhamnus purshiana'' is a small tree, attaining a height of twenty feet. Its leaves are rather thin, elliptic, for the most part briefly acutely
+| description=''Rhamnus purshiana'' is a small tree, attaining a height of twenty feet. Its leaves are rather thin, elliptic, for the most part briefly acutely pointed, finely serrated, at the base obtuse, somewhat pubescent beneath, from two to seven inches long and from one to three wide. The rather large flowers are in somewhat umbellate cymes; the sepals five; the minute cucullate petals bifid at the apex. The fruit is black, broadly obovoid, four lines long, three-lobed, and three-seeded. The seeds are convex on the back, with a lateral raphe.
 pointed, finely serrated, at the base obtuse, somewhat pubescent beneath, from two to seven inches long and from one to three wide. The rather large flowers are in somewhat umbellate cymes; the sepals five; the minute cucullate petals bifid at the apex. The fruit is black, broadly obovoid, four lines long, three-lobed, and three-seeded. The seeds are convex on the back, with a lateral raphe.
 Usually in flattened or transversely curved pieces,

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
+|
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description=''Rhamnus purshiana'' is a small tree, attaining a height of twenty
+| description=''Rhamnus purshiana'' is a small tree, attaining a height of twenty feet. Its leaves are rather thin, elliptic, for the most part briefly acutely
-feet. Its leaves are rather thin, elliptic, for the most part briefly acutely
+pointed, finely serrated, at the base obtuse, somewhat pubescent beneath, from two to seven inches long and from one to three wide. The rather large flowers are in somewhat umbellate cymes; the sepals five; the minute cucullate petals bifid at the apex. The fruit is black, broadly obovoid, four lines long, three-lobed, and three-seeded. The seeds are convex on the back, with a lateral raphe.
 pointed, finely serrated, at the base obtuse, somewhat pubescent
 beneath, from two to seven inches long and from one to three wide. The
 rather large flowers are in somewhat umbellate cymes; the sepals five;
 the minute cucullate petals bifid at the apex. The fruit is black, broadly
 obovoid, four lines long, three-lobed, and three-seeded. The seeds are
 convex on the back, with a lateral raphe.
 Usually in flattened or transversely curved pieces,

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
+|
 {{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description=[''Rhamnus purshiana'' ...] odor distinct; taste disagreeable, bitter, and slightly acrid.
+| description=[''Rhamnus purshiana'' ...] odor distinct; taste disagreeable, bitter, and slightly acrid.  Odor characteristic but not powerful; taste nauseous, bitter and persistent.}}
 |}
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {| border=1

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 {{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description=[''Rhamnus purshiana'' ...] odor distinct; taste disagreeable, bitter, and slightly acrid.
 |}
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {| border=1

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
 {{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description=[''Rhamnus purshiana'' ...] odor distinct; taste disagreeable, bitter, and slightly acrid.
 Odor characteristic but not powerful; taste nauseous, bitter and persistent.}}
+|}
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description=''Rhamnus purshiana'' is a small tree, attaining a height of twenty
@@ Line 54: / Line 58: @@
 sodium hydroxide.
 }}
+|}
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
 {{Microscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 | description=''Rhamnus purshiana'':
@@ Line 113: / Line 119: @@
               | reference=British Pharmacopoeia, 2011
               | }}
+|}
-−
 =High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
 {{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description=[''Rhamnus Purshiana'' ...] odor distinct; taste disagreeable, bitter, and slightly acrid.
+| description=[''Rhamnus purshiana'' ...] odor distinct; taste disagreeable, bitter, and slightly acrid.
 Odor characteristic but not powerful; taste nauseous, bitter and persistent.}}
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description=''Rhamnus Purshiana'' is a small tree, attaining a height of twenty
+| description=''Rhamnus purshiana'' is a small tree, attaining a height of twenty
 feet. Its leaves are rather thin, elliptic, for the most part briefly acutely
 pointed, finely serrated, at the base obtuse, somewhat pubescent
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
 {{Microscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description=''Rhamnus Purshiana'':
+| description=''Rhamnus purshiana'':
 Under the microscope, a transverse section of Cascara Sagrada shows an outer yellowish-brown
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 .02 mm. in diameter; occasional fragments of reddish-brown cork.
-The medullary rays in ''R. Purshiana'' are
+The medullary rays in ''R. purshiana'' are
 numerous, thin, for a long distance nearly parallel and straight
-(according to L. E. Sayre, they converge .at their outer ends), run nearly
+(according to L. E. Sayre, they converge at their outer ends), run nearly
 three-quarters of the distance through the bark, and are commonly
 composed of two rows of cells.
-''R. Frangula'' contains no stone cells.
+''R. frangula'' contains no stone cells.
 }}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Frangula purshiana'' (bark) }}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Frangula purshiana'' (bark) }} {{askbox|herb=''Frangula purshiana''}}
-−
 =Nomenclature=
 {{nomenclature | binomial=Frangula purshiana

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
@@ Line 38: / Line 42: @@
 converging groups, the outer bark showing yellowish groups of stone
 cells which are especially apparent on moistening the freshly cut surface
-with phloroglucinol T.S. and hydrochloric acid; odor distinct; taste
+with phloroglucinol T.S. and hydrochloric acid. [...]
-disagreeable, bitter, and slightly acrid.
 In quilled, channelled, or nearly flat pieces from one to two millimetres
@@ Line 50: / Line 53: @@
 sclerenchymatous cells in both cortex and bast; the parenchymatous
 cells contain a yellow substance which is colored violet by solution of
-sodium hydroxide. Odor characteristic but not powerful; taste nauseous,
+sodium hydroxide.
-bitter and persistent.
 }}
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
 {{Microscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
-| description=''Rhamnus Purshiana''
+| description=''Rhamnus Purshiana'':
-Under the microscope, a
+Under the microscope, a transverse section of Cascara Sagrada shows an outer yellowish-brown
 transverse section of Cascara Sagrada shows an outer yellowish-brown
 or reddish-brown corky layer consisting of 10 to 15 or more rows of cells;
 stone cells in outer bark in tangentially elongated groups of 20 to 50
@@ Line 99: / Line 100: @@
 }}
-{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
+{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
               | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
-              | companyURL=http://www.Alkemist.com
+              | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
               | mainimage=Cascara.jpg
               | caption1=Fibers showing calcium oxalate prism sheath observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
               | description= Cascara (bark) (''Rhamnus purshiana'')
               | image2=Cascara-1.jpg
               | caption2=Medullary ray in cross section observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.