Glycyrrhiza glabra (root) - Revision history

Admin: add near-IR reference

2016-04-12T18:35:18Z

add near-IR reference

Admin: hide Kew species (to check 11/2014)

2014-10-09T18:50:52Z

hide Kew species (to check 11/2014)

Staffer: Botanical Voucher added

2014-08-20T01:33:22Z

Botanical Voucher added

Admin at 17:06, 14 August 2014

2014-08-14T17:06:14Z

Admin: correct captions for HPLC

2014-08-14T17:05:07Z

correct captions for HPLC

Admin: add askbox

2014-06-02T19:35:05Z

add askbox

Admin: revision per MS instruction 5/7/2014

2014-05-09T20:00:57Z

revision per MS instruction 5/7/2014

Admin: revision per MS instruction 5/7/2014

2014-05-09T20:00:19Z

revision per MS instruction 5/7/2014

Admin at 19:59, 9 May 2014

2014-05-09T19:59:22Z

Admin: Reverted edits by Admin (talk) to last revision by Staffer

2014-04-30T14:22:46Z

Reverted edits by Admin (talk) to last revision by Staffer

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:35, 12 April 2016
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	=Supplementary Information=		=Supplementary Information=
		+	==Other Publications==
		+	===HPLC with Online Near-IR analysis, Li, ''et al.'', 2015===
		+	'''Online near-infrared analysis coupled with MWPLS and SiPLS models for the multi-ingredient and multi-phase extraction of licorice (''Gancao''),'''
		+	<blockquote>'''Abstract.'''
		+
		+	This study aims to analyze the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of licorice (''Radix Glycyrrhizae''; ''gancao''), including glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin and total flavonoids, in multi-ingredient and multi-phase extraction by online near-infrared technology with fiber optic probes and chemometric analysis.
		+
		+	High-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry determined the APIs content in different extraction phases by online near-infrared analysis, which included sample set selection by the Kennard–Stone algorithm, optimization of spectral pretreatment methods (i.e., orthogonal signal correction and wavelet denoising spectral correction), and model calibration by the partial least-squares algorithm, moving-window partial least-squares algorithm and synergy interval partial least-squares (SiPLS) algorithm. The relative errors and F values were used to assess the models in different extraction phases.
		+
		+	The root-mean-square error of correction, root-mean-square error of cross-validation and root-mean-square error of prediction of APIs in the SiPLS model was less than 0.07. The F values of glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin and total flavonoids were 10,765, 32,431, 649 and 6080, respectively, which were larger than 6.90 (P < 0.01).
		+
		+	The study demonstrated the feasibility of online NIR analysis in the multi-ingredient and multi-phase extraction of APIs from licorice.
		+	<ref>
		+	Li, Y., Guo, M., Wu, Z., Li, J., Ma, Q., Qiao, Y. 2015. Online near-infrared analysis coupled with MWPLS and SiPLS models for the multi-ingredient and multi-phase extraction of licorice (''Gancao'') ''Chinese Medicine'' 10(38). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-015-0069-2</ref></blockquote>

	=Sources=		=Sources=

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
-{{Media4 |cat=Voucher
+{{Media2 |cat=Voucher
 | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 =Botanical Voucher Specimen=
-{| border=1
+{{Media4 |cat=Voucher
-| {{botcon |companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
-             | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100253567}} || {{botcon |companyimage=Botanical liasons logo.png
+| source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
-             | companyURL=http://www.BotanicalLiaisons.com}}
+| mainimage=Glycyrrhiza glabra - Tropicos.jpg
-|-
+| companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100253567
-| {{botimg |mainimage=Glycyrrhiza glabra - Tropicos.jpg
+| companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
-           |source=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 27 Feb 2014 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100253567>}}
-| {{botimg |mainimage=Glycyrrhiza glabra - Botanical Liasons.png
+| image2=Glycyrrhiza glabra - Botanical Liasons.png
-           |source=Trish Flaster, MSc, Botanical Liaisons, LLC http://www.BotanicalLiaisons.com }}
+| companyimage2=Botanical liasons logo.png
-|}
+| companyURL2=http://www.BotanicalLiaisons.com
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=

@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 | companyimage=Natural Remedies Logo.png
 |mainimage=G. glabra - ref standard p 97 - Quality Assessment of Selected IndianMedicinal Plants.png
-|caption1=''G. glabra'' (root)
+|caption1=''G. glabra'' root
 |image2=G._inflata_-_ref_standard_p_98_-_Quality_Assessment_of_Selected_IndianMedicinal_Plants.png
-|caption2=''G. inflata'' (root)
+|caption2=''G. inflata'' root
 |image3=G. uralensis - ref standard p 99 - Quality Assessment of Selected IndianMedicinal Plants.png
-|caption3=''G. uralensis'' (root)
+|caption3=''G. uralensis'' root
+|
 | description=Licorice (root) (''Glycyrrhiza glabra'')

@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 | companyimage=Natural Remedies Logo.png
 |mainimage=G. glabra - ref standard p 97 - Quality Assessment of Selected IndianMedicinal Plants.png
-|caption1=''G. glabra'' reference standard
+|caption1=''G. glabra'' (root)
 |image2=G._inflata_-_ref_standard_p_98_-_Quality_Assessment_of_Selected_IndianMedicinal_Plants.png
-|caption2=''G. inflata'' reference standard
+|caption2=''G. inflata'' (root)
 |image3=G. uralensis - ref standard p 99 - Quality Assessment of Selected IndianMedicinal Plants.png
-|caption3=''G. uralensis'' reference standard
+|caption3=''G. uralensis'' (root)
+|
 | description=Licorice (root) (''Glycyrrhiza glabra'')

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'' (root) }}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'' (root) }} {{askbox|herb=''Glycyrrhiza glabra''}}
 =Nomenclature=
 {{nomenclature | binomial=Glycyrrhiza glabra

@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 =Microscopic Characteristics=
 {| border=1
-| {{Macroscopy| source=WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Vol.1, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999
-| description="... In transverse section the cork is thick, brown or purplish brown, formed of several layers of flattened polygonal thin-walled cells; cortex of phelloderm in root somewhat narrow, yellow fibres of parenchyma cells contain isolated prisms of calcium oxalate; phloem, wide, yellow, traversed by numerous wavy parenchymatous medullary rays, 1–8 cells wide and consisting of numerous radial groups of fibres, each surrounded by a crystal sheath of parenchyma cells. Each cell usually contains a prism of calcium oxalate and layers of parenchyma alternating with sieve tissue, the latter occasionally obliterated, appearing as refractive irregular structures; phloem fibres, very long, with very narrow lumen and strongly thickened stratified walls which are cellulosic in the inner part of the phloem and slightly lignified in the outer; xylem, yellow, distinctly radiate; xylem rays, consisting of small pale yellow parenchyma, groups of fibres similar to those of the phloem but more lignified, and surrounded by crystal-sheath, tracheids, and large wide lumen vessels, 80–200 μm in diameter, with thick yellow reticulate walls or with numerous oval bordered pits with slit-shaped openings. Other parenchyma cells contain small round or oval starch granules. Pith, only in rhizome, dark yellow, parenchymatous. Root, with 4-arch primary xylem, no pith and shows 4 broad primary medullary rays, radiating from the centre at right angles to one another. In peeled liquorice, the cork, cortex, and sometimes part of the phloem are absent."}}
 {{Microscopy | source=Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 =Macroscopic Characteristics=
 {| border=1
-| {{Macroscopy| source=WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Vol.1, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999
-| description="...The commercial variety, G. glabra var. typica Regel & Herd, known as Spanish liquorice, consists generally of roots and rhizomes in nearly cylindrical pieces ,up to 1m long and 5–20mm in diameter; externally, the bark is brownish grey to dark brown, longitudinally wrinkled, occasionally bearing small dark buds in rhizomes or small circular or transverse rootlet-scars in roots. The peeled root is yellow, smooth, fibrous, finely striated; fracture, fibrous in the bark and splintery in the wood; internally, bright yellow. A distinct cambium ring separates the yellowish grey bark from the finely radiate yellow wood; central pith, only in rhizomes.
-−
-The commercial variety, G. glabra var. glandulifera (Wald et Kit) Regel & Herd, known as Russian liquorice, consists mainly of roots, in cylindrical pieces somewhat tapering and sometimes longitudinally split; 15–40cm long, 1–5cm in diameter. The enlarged crown of the root may attain up to 10 cm in diameter; externally, the unpeeled root purplish brown, somewhat scaly, with stem scars at the top; the peeled root yellowish, coarsely striated; fracture as for Spanish type; internally, yellow, radiating."}}
 {{Macroscopy| source=Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 =Organoleptic Characteristics=
 {| border=1
-| {{Macroscopy| source=Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd
+| {{Organolepsy| source=Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd
 | companyURL=http://www.naturalremedy.com/
 | companyimage=Natural Remedies Logo.png
 | description='''Color:''' Unpeeled – yellowish or purplish brown to dark brown externally and yellowish internally. Peeled – pale yellow.}}
-{{Macroscopy | source=American Herbal Products Association. March 2013. Organoleptic Analysis of Herbal Ingredients. AHPA: Silver Spring, MD
+{{Organolepsy| source=American Herbal Products Association. March 2013. Organoleptic Analysis of Herbal Ingredients. AHPA: Silver Spring, MD
 | companyURL=http://www.ahpa.org/
 | description='''Aroma/Odor:''' Characteristic
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
             |source=Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/24932881}}
 |}
 {| border=1
 | {{botcon |companyimage=Natural Remedies Logo.png