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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Piper nigrum'' (fruit)}} {{askbox|herb=''Piper nigrum''}} =Nomenclature= {{nomenclature | binomial=Piper nigrum |authority=L. |family=Piperaceae |scn=black pepper (with cortex); green peppercorn (green with cortex); white pepper (decorticated) |syn= |ayurvedic=maricha |pinyin= |aka=pepper |notes= }} =Botanical Voucher Specimen= {{Media |cat=Voucher | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org | mainimage=Piper_nigrum_Tropicos_100213130_(S).jpg | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100213130 | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Mar 2014 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100213130> | }} =Organoleptic Characteristics= {| border=1 | {{Organolepsy | source=Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed. | description=Odor aromatic, slightly empyreumatic; taste aromatic, very pungent.}} |} =Macroscopic Characteristics= {| border=1 | {{Macroscopy | source=Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed. | description='''Plant:''' Perennial evergreen, dioecious climber; stem 6-9 M. (20-30°) long, articulated, smooth, woody, joints thickened, from which adventitious rootlets arise for adhering to support or taking root in the soil; leaves 10-15 Cm. (4-6') long, ovate, petioles 12 Mm. (1/2') long, acute at base and apex, entire, smooth, leathery, dark green, 5-7-nerved; flowers whitish, unisexual, sessile, elongated spikes. '''Fruit:''' berry-like, sessile, green, then red, and when ripe yellow, nearly globular, 3.5-6 Mm. (1/7 - 1/4') broad, epicarp very thin, easily separable from the sarcocarp, grayish-black, coarsely reticulate, unilocular, 1-seeded; seed nearly white, hollow, adhering to pericarp. }} |} =Microscopic Characteristics= {| border=1 | {{Microscopy | source=Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed. | description=Powder grayish black, microscopically -- blackish-brown fragments of pericarp and nearly white of endosperm and embryo, starch grains 0.001-0.003 Mm. (1/25000 - 1/8300') broad, stone cells of epicarp and endocarp with reddish-brown substance, oil cells with yellowish oil from which piperine prisms may separate. }} {{Microscopy | source= Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com | description= Cellular structures identified in this botanical specimen are yellow oil gland seen within the outer region of the mesocarp and a group iso-diametric stone cells when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution. | reference=Pharmacopoeia of The Peoples Republic of China, Volume 1, 2005 | }} {{Media2 |cat=Microscopy |companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg | companyURL= http://www.alkemist.com |companyimage2= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg | companyURL2= http://www.alkemist.com |mainimage= Organic Black Pepper Alkemist Laboratories.jpg |caption1= Yellow oil gland seen within the outer region of the mesocarp observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution. |source= Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories |image2= Organic Black Pepper-1 Alkemist Laboratories.jpg |caption2= Group of isodiametric stone cells observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution. | characteristics=cellular structures identified in this botanical specimen are yellow oil gland seen within the outer region of the mesocarp and a group iso-diametric stone cells when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution. |source2= Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories }} |} =High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification= {{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories | description=Black Pepper (fruit) (''Piper nigrum'') | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com | mainimage=Piper_nigrum_-_Alkemists_Laboratories.jpg | caption1=''Piper nigrum'' HPTLC ID - Vanillin Sulfuric Acid Reagent UV 365 nm | stationaryphase=Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates | mobilephase=toluene: ethyl acetate [7/3] | prep=0.3g + 3mL 100% gr EtOH, sonicate/heat @ 50°C ~ 1/2 hr | detection=Vanillin/H2SO4 Reagent -> 110° C 5 min -> UV 365 nm | lanes= Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample): # 3 μL Piperine ~0.1% in CH3OH # 3 μL ''Piper nigrum''-1 (fruit) # 3 μL ''Piper nigrum''-2 (fruit) # 3 μL ''Piper nigrum''-3 (fruit) # 3 μL ''Piper nigrum''-3 (fruit) # 3 μL ''Piper nigrum''-4 (fruit) # 3 μL ''Piper nigrum''-5 (fruit) # 3 μL Piperine ~0.1% in CH3OH Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA. | reference=Pharmacopoeia of The Peoples Republic of China, Volume 1, 2005 | }} =Supplementary Information= =Sources= <references /> [[Category:Botanical]]

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