Hypericum perforatum (flowering tops)

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=Macroscopic Descriptions=
 
=Macroscopic Descriptions=
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            | description=St John's wort is a perennial plant with extensive, creeping rhizomes. Its stems are erect, branched in the upper section, and can grow to 1 m high. It has opposing, stalkless, narrow, oblong leaves that are 12 mm long or slightly larger. The leaves are yellow-green in color, with transparent dots, which are visible when the leaf is held up to the light, throughout the tissue and occasionally with a few black dots on the lower surface and along the margin. The transparent dots give the leaves a ‘perforated’ appearance, hence the plant's Latin name.
 
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Its flowers measure up to 2.5 cm across, have five petals, which are colored bright yellow with conspicuous black dots ''only along the margin'', while the sepals have few or no black dots. The flowers appear in broad cymes at the ends of the upper branches, between late spring and early to mid summer. There are many stamens, which are united at the base into three bundles. Styles are 3, separate to the base.
 
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When flower buds (not the flowers themselves) or seed pods are crushed, a reddish/purple liquid is produced.
 
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           |caption1= St. John's Wort, ''Hyperici herba'' pollen grain
 
           |caption1= St. John's Wort, ''Hyperici herba'' pollen grain
 
           |source= Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html}}
 
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           |caption1= St. John's Wort, ''Hyperici herba'' tracheidal vessels with pitted walls
 
           |caption1= St. John's Wort, ''Hyperici herba'' tracheidal vessels with pitted walls
 
           |source= Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html}}
 
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Revision as of 19:33, 21 February 2014

Contents

Nomenclature

Botanical Voucher Specimen

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Hypericum perforatum LF00509MMB A0153.jpg
Source: Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com [1]

Hypericum perforatum LF19505JD A0154.jpg
Source: Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com [2]

Hypericum perforatum LF20105BMX1 A0155.jpg
Source: Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com [3]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Macroscopic Descriptions

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Hypericum perforatum 1 RU.jpg
Hypericum perforatum growing in the field
Source: Roy Upton, American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/ [4]

Hypericum blossom stereo 2.jpg
Hypericum perforatum flower close-up. Note the black dots on the petals' margin only.
Source: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/ [5]

Hypericum perforatum leaves stereo 1.JPG
Hypericum perforatum leaves with the characteristic black dots on the margin and translucent dots on the leaf body.
Source: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/ [6]

Hypericum perforatum stem stereo 2.JPG
Hypericum perforatum stem showing opposite ridges, a defining characteristic of the species.
Source: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/ [7]


Microscopic Characteristics

Oil glands with red pigment and also of importance, a three pored pollen grain that shows smooth and faintly warted exine of Hypericum perforatum.

Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [8]
AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg


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Hypericum perforatum L. -Clusiaceae--1.jpg
Oil glands with red pigment of Hypericum perforatum viewed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com [9]

Hypericum perforatum L. -Clusiaceae--2.jpg
Three pored pollen grain showing smooth and faintly warted exine of Hypericum perforatum viewed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com [10]

St johns wort secretory cell phytolab.jpg
St. John's Wort, Hyperici herba secretory cell
Source: Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html [11]

St johns wort pollen grain phytolab.jpg
St. John's Wort, Hyperici herba pollen grain
Source: Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html [12]
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St johns wort hypericin gland phytolab.jpg
St. John's Wort, Hyperici herba hypericin gland
Source: Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html [13]

St johns wort tracheidal vessels with pitted walls phytolab.jpg
St. John's Wort, Hyperici herba tracheidal vessels with pitted walls
Source: Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html [14]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

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Hypericum perforatum HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm

St. John's Wort (herb) (Hypericum perforatum)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 3 μL Hypericin ~ 0.1% in Methanol
  2. 3 μL Hypericum perforatum-1 (herb)
  3. 3 μL Hypericum perforatum-2 (herb)
  4. 3 μL Hypericum perforatum-3 (herb)
  5. 3 μL Hypericum perforatum-3 (herb)
  6. 3 μL Hypericum perforatum-4 (herb)
  7. 3 μL Hypericum perforatum-5 (herb)
  8. 1 μL Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Hyperoside, Chlorogenic Acid ~ 0.1% in Methanol

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: Acetic acid: HCOOH: H2O [10/1.1/1.1/2.4] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml 70% grain EtOH sonicated + heated @ 50° C ~ 1 hr 

Detection Method Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see British Pharmacopoeia, 2003


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [15]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  2. ↑ Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  3. ↑ Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  4. ↑ Roy Upton, American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/
  5. ↑ American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/
  6. ↑ American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/
  7. ↑ American Herbal Pharmacopoeia® http://www.herbal-ahp.org/
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.Alkemist.com
  9. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  10. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  11. ↑ Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html
  12. ↑ Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html
  13. ↑ Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html
  14. ↑ Claudia Borst, PhytoLab http://www.phytolab.com/en.html
  15. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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