Verbascum spp. (flower)
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| + | | description=[''Verbascum thapsus''] is easily recognized by its tall, straight stem, its large felty or flannellike leaves, and its long, dense spike of yellow flowers. During the first year it produces only a rosette of downy leaves followed from June to August of the second year by the long flowering stalk. The densly hairy, erect stem sometimes reaches a height of 7 feet. The thick, felty leaves are from 4 to 6 inches in length and, with the exception of the basal ones, are stemless. | ||
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918) | {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918) | ||
| description=Corolla light-yellow, the outer surface grayish with a fine, soft, woolly indumentum, the inner surface sparsely hairy and finely veined; tube of the corolla only 1 or 2 mm. in length and almost equally broad, the limb from 14 to 30 mm. in breadth, between wheel-shaped and saucer-shaped, obscurely two-lipped, the unequal lobes rounded-obovate. Stamens five, borne on the base of the corolla, shorter than the corolla, two of them longer than the other tliree, the filaments thick and fleshy, more or less pilose, especially the three shorter ones, usually orange colored. Stamen-hairs cylindrical, unicellular, non-branching, surface minutely reticulate, apex rounded, frequently enlarged. Pollen grains smooth, triangular and more or less rounded, from 0.025 to 0.03 mm. in diameter. The flowers impart a yellow color to boiling water, and a rather permanent green color with dilute sulphuric acid, the latter color becoming brown upon the addition of alkalies. | | description=Corolla light-yellow, the outer surface grayish with a fine, soft, woolly indumentum, the inner surface sparsely hairy and finely veined; tube of the corolla only 1 or 2 mm. in length and almost equally broad, the limb from 14 to 30 mm. in breadth, between wheel-shaped and saucer-shaped, obscurely two-lipped, the unequal lobes rounded-obovate. Stamens five, borne on the base of the corolla, shorter than the corolla, two of them longer than the other tliree, the filaments thick and fleshy, more or less pilose, especially the three shorter ones, usually orange colored. Stamen-hairs cylindrical, unicellular, non-branching, surface minutely reticulate, apex rounded, frequently enlarged. Pollen grains smooth, triangular and more or less rounded, from 0.025 to 0.03 mm. in diameter. The flowers impart a yellow color to boiling water, and a rather permanent green color with dilute sulphuric acid, the latter color becoming brown upon the addition of alkalies. | ||
Latest revision as of 16:16, 24 June 2015
Contents |
Nomenclature
Botanical Voucher Specimen
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Organoleptic Characteristics
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Macroscopic Characteristics
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Microscopic Characteristics
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification
 
Mullein (flower) (Verbascum thapsus L., V. densiflorum Bertol. syn. V. thapsiforme Schrad, V. phlomoides L.) Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):
Reference Sample(s) Reference: Dissolve 3.5 mg of rutin in 5 mL of methanol; Dissolve 2 mg of caffeic acid in 5 mL of methanol; Optional: 4 mg of hyperoside in 5 mL of methanol. Stationary Phase Stationary phase, i.e. Silica gel 60, F254 Mobile Phase Ethyl acetate, formic acid, water, ethyl methyl ketone 50:10:10:30 (v/v/v/v) Sample Preparation Method Sample: Mix 1 g of powdered sample with 10 mL of methanol and sonicate at 60°C for 10 minutes, then centrifuge or filter the solutions and use the supernatants / filtrates as test solutions. Derivatization reagent: 1.) NP reagent, Preparation: 1 g of NP reagent in 200 mL ethyl acetate; 2.) PEG reagent, Preparation: 10g of polyethylene glycol 400 in 200 mL of dichloromethane, Use: Heat plate for 3 min at 100°C, then dip (time 0, speed 5) in NP reagent, dry and dip (time 0, speed 5) in PEG reagent. Detection Method Saturated chamber; developing distance 70 mm from lower edge; relative humidity 33% Other Notes Images presented in this entry are examples and are not intended to be used as basis for setting specifications for quality control purposes. System suitability test: Rutin: orange fluorescent zone at Rf ~ 0.38; Caffeic acid: blue fluorescent zone at Rf ~ 0.89. Identification: Compare result with reference images in Image Comparison Viewer. The fingerprint of the test solution is similar to that of the corresponding botanical reference sample. Additional weak zones may be present. The chromatogram of the test solution shows an intense bluish zone at Rf ~ 0.40 just above the position of reference substance rutin. There is another bluish zone at Rf ~ 0.60 slightly higher than the position of reference substance hyperoside. Just below the position of reference substance caffeic acid there is an intense bluish zone at Rf ~ 0.82 and just above caffeic acid there is a yellow zone at Rf ~ 0.90.
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Supplementary Information
Sources
- ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100123204
- ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100279961
- ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100123203
- ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
- ↑ American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
- ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
- ↑ PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
- ↑ PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
- ↑ HPTLC Association http://www.hptlc-association.org/
