Aconitum napellus (root)
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen= | =Botanical Voucher Specimen= | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Media |Cat=Voucher |
+ | | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org | ||
| mainimage=Aconitum napellus Tropicos 100190599.jpg | | mainimage=Aconitum napellus Tropicos 100190599.jpg | ||
| companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif | | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif | ||
| companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100190599 | | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100190599 | ||
− | | | + | | source=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 05 Aug 2013 |
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| }} | | }} | ||
=Organoleptic Characteristics= | =Organoleptic Characteristics= | ||
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918) | {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918) | ||
| description="[''Aconitum Napellus''] seeds are ... very acrid. | | description="[''Aconitum Napellus''] seeds are ... very acrid. | ||
"The fresh leaves have a faint narcotic odor, most sensible when they are rubbed. Their taste is at first bitterish and herbaceous, afterwards burning and acrid, with a feeling of numbness and tingling on the inside of the lips, tongue, and fauces, which is very durable, lasting sometimes many hours. When long chewed, they inflame the tongue. The dried leaves have a similar taste, but the acrid impression commences later."}} | "The fresh leaves have a faint narcotic odor, most sensible when they are rubbed. Their taste is at first bitterish and herbaceous, afterwards burning and acrid, with a feeling of numbness and tingling on the inside of the lips, tongue, and fauces, which is very durable, lasting sometimes many hours. When long chewed, they inflame the tongue. The dried leaves have a similar taste, but the acrid impression commences later."}} | ||
+ | {{Macroscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. | ||
+ | | color=Light brown. | ||
+ | | texture=Dry, slightly starchy or mealy feel. | ||
+ | | flavor=Taste sweetish, very markedly and persistently acridly pungent; acridity especially marked in the fauces. Benumbing effect. | ||
+ | | scent=Odor faint, recalling horseradish when moist.}} | ||
+ | |} | ||
=Macroscopic Characteristics= | =Macroscopic Characteristics= | ||
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918) | {{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918) | ||
| description="''Aconitum Napellus'' is a perennial herbaceous plant, | | description="''Aconitum Napellus'' is a perennial herbaceous plant, | ||
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"The stem is erect, round, smooth, leafy, usually simple, and from two to six or even eight feet high. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, divided almost to the base, from two to four inches in diameter, deep green upon their upper surface, light green beneath, somewhat rigid, and more or less smooth and shining on both sides. Those on the lower part of the stem have long footstalks and five or seven divisions; the upper, short footstalks and three or five divisions. The divisions are wedge-form, with two or three lobes, which extend nearly or quite to the middle. The lobes are cleft or toothed, and the lacinise or teeth are linear or linear-lanceolate and pointed. The flowers are of a dark violet-blue color, large and beautiful, and are borne at the summit of the stem upon a thick, simple, straight, erect, spike-like raceme, beneath which, in the cultivated plant, several smaller racemes arise from the axils of the upper leaves. Though without calyx, they have two small calycinal stipules, situated on the peduncle within a few millimeters of the flower. The petals are five, the upper helmet-shaped and beaked, nearly hemispherical, open or closed, the two lateral roundish and internally hairy, the two lower oblong-oval. They enclose two pediceled nectaries, of which the spur is capitate, and the lip bifid and revolute. The fruit consists of three, four, or five follicles. The seeds are wrinkled or scaly ..."}} | "The stem is erect, round, smooth, leafy, usually simple, and from two to six or even eight feet high. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, divided almost to the base, from two to four inches in diameter, deep green upon their upper surface, light green beneath, somewhat rigid, and more or less smooth and shining on both sides. Those on the lower part of the stem have long footstalks and five or seven divisions; the upper, short footstalks and three or five divisions. The divisions are wedge-form, with two or three lobes, which extend nearly or quite to the middle. The lobes are cleft or toothed, and the lacinise or teeth are linear or linear-lanceolate and pointed. The flowers are of a dark violet-blue color, large and beautiful, and are borne at the summit of the stem upon a thick, simple, straight, erect, spike-like raceme, beneath which, in the cultivated plant, several smaller racemes arise from the axils of the upper leaves. Though without calyx, they have two small calycinal stipules, situated on the peduncle within a few millimeters of the flower. The petals are five, the upper helmet-shaped and beaked, nearly hemispherical, open or closed, the two lateral roundish and internally hairy, the two lower oblong-oval. They enclose two pediceled nectaries, of which the spur is capitate, and the lip bifid and revolute. The fruit consists of three, four, or five follicles. The seeds are wrinkled or scaly ..."}} | ||
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=Microscopic Characteristics= | =Microscopic Characteristics= | ||
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{{Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. | {{Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. | ||
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| characteristics=Predominating elements are derived from the more or less broken, large, rather thick-walled, essentially isodiametric closely united parenchyma cells filled with compound starch granules. A few slightly brownish, essentially rectangular only slightly elongated, rather thin-walled, very porous sclerenchyma cells, which generally occur singly, rarely in twos. Some porus ducts and tracheids; spiral ducts rare. | | characteristics=Predominating elements are derived from the more or less broken, large, rather thick-walled, essentially isodiametric closely united parenchyma cells filled with compound starch granules. A few slightly brownish, essentially rectangular only slightly elongated, rather thin-walled, very porous sclerenchyma cells, which generally occur singly, rarely in twos. Some porus ducts and tracheids; spiral ducts rare. | ||
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| adulterants=Among the possible adulterants are horseradish, (simple, oval to elliptical starch granules, 5μ to 15μ, with very distinct hili and lamellations); ''A. Fischeri'', (starch granules mostly simple and in twos and the aggregates of five to nine). Single granules somewhat larger than in ''A. napellus'' and some of the sclerenchyma cells considerably elongated; Japanese aconite (sclerenchyma cells wanting). Suspect other species and varieties of aconite, also the use of exhausted powder, crowns and stem parts (fibrous tissue excessive and a few 2- to 5-celled trichromes). Suspect roots from other groups of plants. | | adulterants=Among the possible adulterants are horseradish, (simple, oval to elliptical starch granules, 5μ to 15μ, with very distinct hili and lamellations); ''A. Fischeri'', (starch granules mostly simple and in twos and the aggregates of five to nine). Single granules somewhat larger than in ''A. napellus'' and some of the sclerenchyma cells considerably elongated; Japanese aconite (sclerenchyma cells wanting). Suspect other species and varieties of aconite, also the use of exhausted powder, crowns and stem parts (fibrous tissue excessive and a few 2- to 5-celled trichromes). Suspect roots from other groups of plants. | ||
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− | + | {{Media |cat=Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. | |
+ | | mainimage=Microanalysis_powdered_vegetable_p_208_google_ver_aconitum_root.PNG | ||
+ | | description=Wolf's Bane (root) (''Aconitum napellus'').}} | ||
+ | |} | ||
=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification= | =High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification= | ||
Revision as of 01:26, 16 March 2014
Contents |
Nomenclature
Aconitum napellus L. Ranunculaceae
Standardized common name (English): aconite
Botanical Voucher Specimen
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[[Category:{{{cat}}}]]
Organoleptic Characteristics
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Macroscopic Characteristics
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Microscopic Characteristics
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High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification
Supplementary Information
Sources
- ↑ Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 05 Aug 2013 http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100190599
- ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
- ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
- ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
- ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
- ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.