Artemisia absinthium (leaf)

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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:'' Artemisia absinthium'' (leaf) }} {{askbox|herb=''Artemisia absinthium''}}
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''Introduction from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_absinthium, retrieved 02/13/2012).''
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''Artemisia absinthium'' (absinthium, absinthe wormwood, wormwood, common wormwood, green ginger or grand wormwood) is a species of wormwood, native to temperate regions of Eurasia and northern Africa.
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=Nomenclature=
  
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It is a herbaceous, perennial plant with fibrous roots. The stems are straight, growing to 0.8-1.2 m (rarely 1.5 m) tall, grooved, branched, and silvery-green. The leaves are spirally arranged, greenish-grey above and white below, covered with silky silvery-white trichomes, and bearing minute oil-producing glands; the basal leaves are up to 25 cm long, bipinnate to tripinnate with long petioles, with the cauline leaves (those on the stem) smaller, 5–10 cm long, less divided, and with short petioles; the uppermost leaves can be both simple and sessile (without a petiole). Its flowers are pale yellow, tubular, and clustered in spherical bent-down heads (capitula), which are in turn clustered in leafy and branched panicles. Flowering is from early summer to early autumn; pollination is anemophilous. The fruit is a small achene; seed dispersal is by gravity.
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Artemisia absinthium
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|authority=L.
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|family=Asteraceae
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|scn=wormwood
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|syn=
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|ayurvedic=
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|pinyin=
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|aka=
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|notes= }}
  
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It grows naturally on uncultivated, arid ground, on rocky slopes, and at the edge of footpaths and fields.
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
  
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''The quoted text in this section was licensed for use under the Creative Commons ShareAlike License, version 3.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/''
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{{Media2    | cat=Voucher
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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=Microscopic Entries=
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            | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
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{{Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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            | mainimage=Artemisia absinthium Tropicos 100158913.jpg
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            | mainimage=Microanalysis_powdered_vegetable_p_200_google_ver_absinthium_figure.png
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            | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
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            | description=Wormwood (leafy tops) (''Absinthium vulgare'' Lam., Compositae.)
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            | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100158913
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            | color=Grayish green.
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            | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 06 Aug 2013 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100158913>
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            | companyimage2=Kewlogo.gif
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    | companyURL2=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000891973
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    | image2=Artemisia_absinthium_Kew_imageBarcode=K000891973_481570.jpg
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    | source2=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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            | }}
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Organolepsy| source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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|description=&nbsp;
 
             | flavor=Very bitter, somewhat saline.
 
             | flavor=Very bitter, somewhat saline.
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             | scent=Faintly aromatic, disagreeable and narcotic when briskly rubbed.
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             | scent=Faintly aromatic, disagreeable and narcotic when briskly rubbed.}}
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{{Organolepsy | source=American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
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| scent=The plant has an aromatic odor.
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| flavor=[Wormwood has] an exceedingly bitter taste.}}
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|}
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Macroscopy | source=American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
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| description=This shrubby, aromatic, much-branched plant grows from 2 to 4 feet in height.  The growing shoots are silvery white with fine silky hairs; and the grayish-green leaves, which are from 2 to 5 inches long, are divided into small leaflets.  The flower clusers, appearing from July to October, consist of numerous small, insignificant, drooping, yellow heads. 
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}}
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{{Macroscopy| source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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|description=&nbsp;
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            | color=Grayish green.}}
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|}
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
 
             | characteristics=The most distinctive tissue elements are the very abundant T-shaped, rather thin-walled trichromes with three to four basal cells; the rather large, yellowish, sessile, glandular trichromes with several vertical tiers of cells, are also quite diagnostic some pollen grains presenting the characteristics of the pollen of the order Compositae will generally be found.  The vertical walls of the epidermal cells are wavy or sinuate and the stomata are abundant and fairly large.
 
             | characteristics=The most distinctive tissue elements are the very abundant T-shaped, rather thin-walled trichromes with three to four basal cells; the rather large, yellowish, sessile, glandular trichromes with several vertical tiers of cells, are also quite diagnostic some pollen grains presenting the characteristics of the pollen of the order Compositae will generally be found.  The vertical walls of the epidermal cells are wavy or sinuate and the stomata are abundant and fairly large.
  
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             | }}
 
             | }}
  
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         {{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg Alkemists Labs. and British Pharmacopoeia, 2003
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         {{Media3 | cat=Microscopy
 
             | mainimage=Artemisia_absinthium_L._-Asteraceae--1.jpg
 
             | mainimage=Artemisia_absinthium_L._-Asteraceae--1.jpg
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             | description=Artemisia absinthium (T-Shaped Trichome) (''Artemisia absinthium'')  
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| source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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             | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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| companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com/
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| description=Wormwood (leaf) (''Artemisia absinthium'')  
 
             | caption1=T-shaped trichromes with three to four basal cells in 400X Acidified chloral Hydrate Soln.
 
             | caption1=T-shaped trichromes with three to four basal cells in 400X Acidified chloral Hydrate Soln.
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             | characteristics=The most distinctive tissue elements are the very abundant T-shaped, rather thin-walled trichromes with three to four basal cells as well as the strap-shaped tubular covering trichomes. 400X Acidified chloral Hydrate Soln.
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             | characteristics=The most distinctive tissue elements are the very abundant T-shaped, rather thin-walled trichromes with three to four basal cells, as well as the strap-shaped tubular covering trichomes when observed at 400X with Acidified chloral Hydrate Soln.
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| source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | companyimage2=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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| companyURL2=http://www.alkemist.com/
 
             | image2=Artemisia_absinthium_L._-Asteraceae--2.jpg
 
             | image2=Artemisia_absinthium_L._-Asteraceae--2.jpg
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             | caption2=fragment of a strap-shaped tubular covering trichrome  
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            | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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             | }}
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             | caption2=Fragment of a strap-shaped tubular covering trichrome  
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=HPTLC Entries=
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             | reference=British Pharmacopoeia, 2003
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=Other Points of Interest=
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| source3=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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            | image3=Microanalysis_powdered_vegetable_p_200_google_ver_absinthium_figure.png            | }}
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|}
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
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=Supplementary Information=
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=Sources=
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<references />

Latest revision as of 13:34, 24 June 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Artemisia absinthium.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.


Contents

Nomenclature

Artemisia absinthium L.   Asteraceae  
Standardized common name (English): wormwood

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright

Artemisia absinthium Tropicos 100158913.jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Artemisia absinthium Kew imageBarcode=K000891973 481570.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[2]

Organoleptic Characteristics

 
Scent Faintly aromatic, disagreeable and narcotic when briskly rubbed.
Flavor Very bitter, somewhat saline.

Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. [3]


Scent The plant has an aromatic odor.
Flavor [Wormwood has] an exceedingly bitter taste.

Source: American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930) [4]

Macroscopic Characteristics

This shrubby, aromatic, much-branched plant grows from 2 to 4 feet in height. The growing shoots are silvery white with fine silky hairs; and the grayish-green leaves, which are from 2 to 5 inches long, are divided into small leaflets. The flower clusers, appearing from July to October, consist of numerous small, insignificant, drooping, yellow heads.

Source: American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930) [5]
  

Color Grayish green.

Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. [6]

Microscopic Characteristics

The most distinctive tissue elements are the very abundant T-shaped, rather thin-walled trichromes with three to four basal cells; the rather large, yellowish, sessile, glandular trichromes with several vertical tiers of cells, are also quite diagnostic some pollen grains presenting the characteristics of the pollen of the order Compositae will generally be found. The vertical walls of the epidermal cells are wavy or sinuate and the stomata are abundant and fairly large.

Compare with Achillea and insect powder which are similar in certain of the histological characteristics.

Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. [7]



bottomright bottomright

Artemisia absinthium L. -Asteraceae--1.jpg
T-shaped trichromes with three to four basal cells in 400X Acidified chloral Hydrate Soln.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[8]

Artemisia absinthium L. -Asteraceae--2.jpg
Fragment of a strap-shaped tubular covering trichrome
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[9]

Microanalysis powdered vegetable p 200 google ver absinthium figure.png
Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.[10]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100158913
  2. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000891973
  3. ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  4. ↑ American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
  5. ↑ American Medicinal Plants of Commercial Importance (1930)
  6. ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  7. ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com/
  9. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com/
  10. ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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