Camellia sinensis (leaf)
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{{Microscopy | source=Greenish, H. et. al. (1908) An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders | {{Microscopy | source=Greenish, H. et. al. (1908) An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders | ||
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− | + | '''Transverse Section�:''' “…The upper epidermis is composed of cells with undulating walls and covered with a rather thick cuticle. The lower epidermis consists of smaller cells and is alone �provided� with stomata; the latter are surrounded by three or four tangentially elongated cells. | |
Simple hairs occur on both surfaces of the leaf, but they are more abundant on the lower; the number, however, varies with the variety of tea, and with the age of the leaf; they are unicellular, tapering and rather thick walled, varying very much in length, but often attaining 500-700 microns. | Simple hairs occur on both surfaces of the leaf, but they are more abundant on the lower; the number, however, varies with the variety of tea, and with the age of the leaf; they are unicellular, tapering and rather thick walled, varying very much in length, but often attaining 500-700 microns. | ||
+ | The mesophyll is heterogeneous and asymmetrical. It is characterized by the presence of a large number of �''sclerenchymatous idioblasts''�. These are more or less branched and warty and often extend transversely from the upper to the lower epidermis. They vary much in shape and in the thickness of the walls. The cells of the spongy parenchyma contain cluster crystals of calcium oxalate. | ||
+ | The midrib is biconvex. Under each epidermis there is a layer of collenchyma of varying thickness. The wood is arched and the bast contains crystals of calcium oxalate. The meristele is surrounded by a pericycle consisting of slightly lignified cells arranged in circle. The cortical tissue contains idioblasts which are usually rather larger and more branched than those of the mesophyll. | ||
+ | The little fragments of the stems, which are often to be found in ordinary tea, have a slightly different structure. The wood in them forms a circle within which there is a pith containing branched idioblasts; these have comparatively thin, pitted walls.” | ||
− | + | �'''Powder:''' � “…The diagnostic characters of powdered tea are:- The characteristic hairs. The sclerenchymatous idioblasts, especially in petiole and midrib. The stomata surrounded by tangentially elongated cells. The calcium oxalate in cluster crystals.” }} | |
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Revision as of 15:51, 3 March 2014
Contents |
Nomenclature
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Theaceae
Standardized common name (English): tea
Botanical Voucher Specimen
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Organoleptic Characteristics
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Macroscopic Descriptions
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Microscopic Characteristics
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High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification
Green Tea (leaf) (Camellia sinensis) Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):
Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates Mobile Phase CHCl3: ethyl formate: HCOOH [5/4/1] Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3ml 70% grain EtOH sonicated + heated @ 50° C ~ 1 hr Detection Method Vanillin/H2SO4 Reagent -> 110° C 5 min -> UV 365 nm Reference see Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Wichtl, M., 1994
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Green Tea (leaf) (Camellia sinensis) Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):
Reference Sample(s) Reference:Individually dissolve 1 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin and 1 mg of (-)-epicatechin gallate each in 20 mL of methanol; Optional: Individually dissolve 1 mg of (-)-epigallo-catechin-3-O-gallate and 1 mg of (-)-epicatechin each in 20 mL of methanol; Store all solutions at -20°C. Stationary Phase Stationary phase, i.e. Silica gel 60, F254 Mobile Phase Toluene, acetone, formic acid 9:9:2 (v/v/v) Sample Preparation Method Sample: Mix 100 mg of powdered sample with 10 mL of methanol, water 4:1 and sonicate for 10 minutes, then centrifuge or filter the solutions and use the supernatants / filtrates as test solutions. Derivatization reagent: Fast Blue salt B reagent; Preparation: dissolve 140 mg of Fast Blue salt B in 10 mL of water and add 140 mL of methanol and 50 mL of dichloromethane. Store reagent in the dark at 4°C; Use: preheat the plate to 100°C for 2 min, then dip (time 0, speed 5), dry for 5 min in the fume hood. Detection Method Unsaturated chamber; developing distance 60 mm from lower edge; relative humidity 33% Other Notes Images presented in this entry are examples and are not intended to be used as basis for setting specifications for quality control purposes. System suitability test: (-)-Epigallocatechin: brown zone at Rf ~ 0.46; (-)-Epicatechin gallate: brown zone at Rf ~ 0.52 Identification: Compare result with reference images. The fingerprint of the test solution is similar to that of the corresponding botanical reference sample. Additional weak zones may be present. The chromatogram of the test solution shows four brownish-orange zones corresponding to reference substance epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (Rf ~ 0.37), (-)-epigallocatechin (Rf ~ 0.46), (-)-epicatechin gallate (Rf ~ 0.52), and (-)-epicatechin (Rf ~ 0.62). The lowest zone is the most intense and the upper zone is the faintest. The two zones in between are clearly separated (black arrows).
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Supplementary Information
Sources
- ↑ Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 13 Sep 2013 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/30076>
- ↑ Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 13 Sep 2013 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/30070>
- ↑ Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 13 Sep 2013 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/30074>
- ↑ American Herbal Products Association. March 2013. Organoleptic Analysis of Herbal Ingredients. AHPA: Silver Spring, MD
- ↑ Piovan A, Filippini R, Vecchia FD, Caniato R. Comparative Study of Leaf Morphology, Phenolics and Methylxanthines in Camellia sinensis Teas from the Italian Market. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2014; 2(5): 154-160.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/2445507
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19242832
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/25801092
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19242831
- ↑ Köhler, Medizinal-Pflanzen in naturgetreuen Abbildungen und kurz erläuterndem Texte (1887)
- ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
- ↑ Greenish, H. et. al. (1908) An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders
- ↑ Greenish, H. et. al. (1908) An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders
- ↑ Amy Brush, Traditional Medicinals
- ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
- ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
- ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
- ↑ HPTLC Association http://www.hptlc-association.org/
- Botanical
- Theaceae
- Macroscopy
- American Herbal Products Association. March 2013. ''Organoleptic Analysis of Herbal Ingredients.'' AHPA: Silver Spring, MD
- Piovan A, Filippini R, Vecchia FD, Caniato R. Comparative Study of Leaf Morphology, Phenolics and Methylxanthines in ''Camellia sinensis'' Teas from the Italian Market. ''Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry'' 2014; 2(5): 154-160.
- Microscopy
- Greenish, H. et. al. (1908) An Anatomical Atlas of Vegetable Powders
- HPTLC
- Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
- HPTLC Association