Carthamus tinctorius (flower)

From AHPA Botanical Identity References Compendium
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
(Various title corrections)
(add starr voucher specimens)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Carthamus tinctorius'' (flower) }}
+
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Carthamus tinctorius'' (flower) }} {{askbox|herb=''Carthamus tinctorius''}}
−
 
+
 
=Nomenclature=
 
=Nomenclature=
−
 
 
{{nomenclature | binomial=Carthamus tinctorius
 
{{nomenclature | binomial=Carthamus tinctorius
 
|authority=L.
 
|authority=L.
Line 13: Line 11:
 
|notes= }}
 
|notes= }}
  
 +
=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
 +
{{Media3 |cat=Voucher
 +
|companyimage=Starr herbarium logo.png
 +
| companyURL=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
 +
|mainimage=Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505324.jpg
 +
|caption1=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L.
 +
|source=Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
 +
|companyimage2=Starr herbarium logo.png
 +
| companyURL2=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
 +
|image2=Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00703082.jpg
 +
|caption2=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L.
 +
|source2=Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
 +
|companyimage3=Starr herbarium logo.png
 +
| companyURL3=http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
 +
|image3=Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505329.jpg
 +
|caption3=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L.
 +
|source3=Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
 +
|}}
 +
=Organoleptic Characteristics=
 +
{| border=1
 +
|
 +
{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 +
| description=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L. ''Safflower''.— [...] has a peculiar, slightly aromatic odor, and a scarcely perceptible bitterness. }}
 +
|}
 
=Macroscopic Characteristics=
 
=Macroscopic Characteristics=
 +
{| border=1
 +
|
 
{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 
{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
−
| description=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L. ''Safflower''.—
+
| description=''Carthamus tinctorius'' L. ''Safflower''.— The African, false, American, or dyers' saffron is an annual composite, with a smooth, erect stem, somewhat branched at top, and a foot or two in height. [...] The florets are in mass of a red color, diversified by the yellow of the styles contained within the floret. [...] It contains a fixed oil; also two coloring substances—one red, insoluble in alkaline liquids, and called ''carthamin'' or ''carthamic acid'' by Dobereiner, who found it to possess weak acid properties; the other yellow, and soluble in water.  
−
The African, false, American, or dyers' saffron is an annual composite, with a smooth, erect stem, somewhat branched at top, and a foot or two in height. ... The florets are in mass of a red color, diversified by the yellow of the styles contained within the floret. It has a peculiar, slightly aromatic odor, and a scarcely perceptible bitterness.  
+
−
 
+
−
It contains a fixed oil; also two coloring substances—one red, insoluble in alkaline liquids, and called ''carthamin'' or ''carthamic acid'' by Dobereiner, who found it to possess weak acid properties; the other yellow, and soluble in water.  
+
 
}}
 
}}
−
 
+
|}
 
=Microscopic Characteristics=
 
=Microscopic Characteristics=
−
{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
+
 
 +
{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
       | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
 
       | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
−
       | companyURL=http://www.Alkemist.com
+
       | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
 
       | mainimage=Safflower Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | mainimage=Safflower Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | caption1=Fragment of the corolla showing brown laticiferous vessels observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
       | caption1=Fragment of the corolla showing brown laticiferous vessels observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
       | description= Safflower (flower) (''Carthamus tinctorius'')
 
       | description= Safflower (flower) (''Carthamus tinctorius'')
 +
| source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 +
      | companyimage2= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
 +
      | companyURL2=http://www.alkemist.com
 
       | image2=Safflower-1 Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | image2=Safflower-1 Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
 
       | caption2=Three pored pollen grain shown exuding contents observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
       | caption2=Three pored pollen grain shown exuding contents observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Line 64: Line 89:
  
 
=Supplementary Information=
 
=Supplementary Information=
−
[[Category:NoIntro]]
+
=Sources=
 +
<references />

Latest revision as of 18:28, 21 July 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Carthamus tinctorius.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Carthamus tinctorius L.   Asteraceae  
Standardized common name (English): safflower  
Ayurvedic name(s): kusumbha  
Pinyin name(s): hong hua (flower)

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright

Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505324.jpg
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Source: Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden[1]

Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00703082.jpg
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Source: Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden[2]

Carthamus tinctorius L. - Starr - 00505329.jpg
Carthamus tinctorius L.
Source: Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden[3]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower.— [...] has a peculiar, slightly aromatic odor, and a scarcely perceptible bitterness.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [4]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Carthamus tinctorius L. Safflower.— The African, false, American, or dyers' saffron is an annual composite, with a smooth, erect stem, somewhat branched at top, and a foot or two in height. [...] The florets are in mass of a red color, diversified by the yellow of the styles contained within the floret. [...] It contains a fixed oil; also two coloring substances—one red, insoluble in alkaline liquids, and called carthamin or carthamic acid by Dobereiner, who found it to possess weak acid properties; the other yellow, and soluble in water.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [5]

Microscopic Characteristics

bottomright bottomright

Safflower Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Fragment of the corolla showing brown laticiferous vessels observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[6]

Safflower-1 Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Three pored pollen grain shown exuding contents observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[7]


High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Carthamus tinctorius HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm

Safflower (flower) (Carthamus tinctorius)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 1 μL Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Hyperoside, Chlorogenic Acid ~ 0.1% in Methanol
  2. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-1 (flower)
  3. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-2 (flower)
  4. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-3 (flower)
  5. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-3 (flower)
  6. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-4 (flower)
  7. 3 μL Carthamus tinctorius-5 (flower)
  8. 1 μL Rutin, Caffeic Acid, Hyperoside, Chlorogenic Acid ~ 0.1% in Methanol

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: AcCOOH: HCOOH: H2O [10/1.1/1.1/2.4] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicated + heated @ 50° C ~ 1 hr 

Detection Method Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see Adapted from Plant Drug Analysis, Wagner, H., 1996


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [8]


Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
  2. ↑ Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
  3. ↑ Images courtesy of the C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/VirtualHerbarium.asp
  4. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  5. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  6. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  7. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
Retrieved from "http://www.botanicalauthentication.org/index.php?title=Carthamus_tinctorius_(flower)&oldid=7144"
MediaWiki Appliance - Powered by TurnKey Linux