Cinnamomum aromaticum (bark)

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{{Botanical | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Cinnamomum aromaticum'' (bark) }} {{askbox|herb=''Cinnamomum aromaticum''}}
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            | description=Cinnamon (powdered bark) (''Cinnamomum aromaticum'') Lauraceae. (''Cassia Cinnamon'')
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=Nomenclature=
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Cinnamomum aromaticum
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|authority=Nees
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|family=Lauraceae
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|scn=cassia
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|syn=''Cinnamomum cassia'' auct.
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|ayurvedic=
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|pinyin=rou gui; rou gui (bark); gui zhi (twig)
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|aka=Chinese cinnamon
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|notes= }}
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Macroscopy| source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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|description= 
 
             | color=Cinnamon brown (reddish brown).
 
             | color=Cinnamon brown (reddish brown).
 
             | flavor=Sweet, pungent, somewhat astringent.
 
             | flavor=Sweet, pungent, somewhat astringent.
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             | scent=Fragrant, aromatic, very characteristic.
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             | scent=Fragrant, aromatic, very characteristic.}}
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|}
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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{{ Media    | cat=Macroscopy
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            | source=PlantaPhile
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            | mainimage=PlantaPhile - 3099.jpg
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            | companyimage=PlantaPhile logo.jpg
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            | companyURL=http://plantaphile.com/
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            | }}
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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            | description=Cassia (bark) (''Cinnamomum aromaticum'') (''Cinnamomum cassia'' auct.)
 
             | characteristics=Rather short, thick walled bast cells sclerenchyma with cell walls unequally thickened parenchyma cells with compound starch granules; cells with numerous small prismatic crystals; large resin bearing cells; cells of outer bark suberized and with reddish brown contents.  Cassia bark contains relatively more starch than do the other varieties of cinnamon barks and relatively less bast tissue.
 
             | characteristics=Rather short, thick walled bast cells sclerenchyma with cell walls unequally thickened parenchyma cells with compound starch granules; cells with numerous small prismatic crystals; large resin bearing cells; cells of outer bark suberized and with reddish brown contents.  Cassia bark contains relatively more starch than do the other varieties of cinnamon barks and relatively less bast tissue.
 
             | ash=Ash about 6.5 per cent.
 
             | ash=Ash about 6.5 per cent.
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             | adulterants=Cassia cinnamon in particular is likely to be adulterated with inferior cassia barks, clove bark, flour, inert vegetable substances.  The quality of cassia cinnamon is proportionate to the number of bast cells present.  The very inferior grades show few bast cells, which indicates that the outer older bark tissue predominates.  Cassia cinnamons could readily be graded according to the bast cell count.  The organoleptic tests, especially taste and odor, are also valuable guides to quality.
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             | adulterants=Cassia cinnamon in particular is likely to be adulterated with inferior cassia barks, clove bark, flour, inert vegetable substances.  The quality of cassia cinnamon is proportionate to the number of bast cells present.  The very inferior grades show few bast cells, which indicates that the outer older bark tissue predominates.  Cassia could readily be graded according to the bast cell count.  The organoleptic tests, especially taste and odor, are also valuable guides to quality.
 
             | }}
 
             | }}
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{{Media | cat=Microscopy | source=Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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            | mainimage=Microanalysis_powdered_vegetable_google_ver_cinnamon_cassia.png}}
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|}
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
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{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | description=Cassia (bark) (''Cinnamomum aromaticum'' Nees)
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            | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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            | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
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            | mainimage=Cinnamon-2.jpg
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            | caption1=''Cinnamomum aromaticum'' HPTLC UV 254 nm
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            | image2=Cinnamon-3.jpg
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            | caption2=''Cinnamomum aromaticum'' HPTLC 10% Ethanolic KOH Reagent 365 nm
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            | stationaryphase=Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates
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            | mobilephase=toluene: ethyl acetate [9.5/0.5]
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            | prep=0.3g+3mL CH3OH sonicate/heat @~50° C ~ 1/2 hr.
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            | detection=Image 1 UV 254 nm; Image 2 10% Ethanolic KOH Reagent 365 nm
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            | lanes=Lane 2(3μl) ''Cinnamomum aromaticum'' / ''Cinnamomum cassia'' (bark); Lane
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3(3μl) ''Cinnamomum aromaticum'' / ''Cinnamomum cassia'' (bark); Lane 6(3μl) ''Cinnamomum verum'' (bark); Lane 7(3μl) ''Cinnamomum verum'' (bark) authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below, held at Alkemists Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA.
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| reference=Method Developed by Alkemist Laboratories
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            | }}
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=Supplementary Information=
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=Sources=
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<references />

Latest revision as of 17:54, 2 June 2014

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Cinnamomum aromaticum.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees   Lauraceae  
Syn. Cinnamomum cassia auct.  
Standardized common name (English): cassia  
Pinyin name(s): rou gui; rou gui (bark); gui zhi (twig)

Botanical Voucher Specimen

Organoleptic Characteristics

  

Color Cinnamon brown (reddish brown). 

Scent Fragrant, aromatic, very characteristic. 

Flavor Sweet, pungent, somewhat astringent.

Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. [1]

Macroscopic Characteristics

bottomright

PlantaPhile - 3099.jpg
Source: PlantaPhile[2]

Microscopic Characteristics

Cassia (bark) (Cinnamomum aromaticum) (Cinnamomum cassia auct.)Rather short, thick walled bast cells sclerenchyma with cell walls unequally thickened parenchyma cells with compound starch granules; cells with numerous small prismatic crystals; large resin bearing cells; cells of outer bark suberized and with reddish brown contents. Cassia bark contains relatively more starch than do the other varieties of cinnamon barks and relatively less bast tissue.

Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. [3]


Microanalysis powdered vegetable google ver cinnamon cassia.png
Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.[4]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Cinnamomum aromaticum HPTLC UV 254 nm

Cassia (bark) (Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees)

Lane Assignments Lane 2(3μl) Cinnamomum aromaticum / Cinnamomum cassia (bark); Lane 3(3μl) Cinnamomum aromaticum / Cinnamomum cassia (bark); Lane 6(3μl) Cinnamomum verum (bark); Lane 7(3μl) Cinnamomum verum (bark) authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below, held at Alkemists Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase toluene: ethyl acetate [9.5/0.5] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3g+3mL CH3OH sonicate/heat @~50° C ~ 1/2 hr. 

Detection Method Image 1 UV 254 nm; Image 2 10% Ethanolic KOH Reagent 365 nm 

Reference see Method Developed by Alkemist Laboratories

  • (thumbnail)

    Cinnamomum aromaticum HPTLC UV 254 nm

  • (thumbnail)

    Cinnamomum aromaticum HPTLC 10% Ethanolic KOH Reagent 365 nm

Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [5]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  2. ↑ PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
  3. ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  4. ↑ Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  5. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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