Echinacea angustifolia (root)

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Revision as of 00:01, 19 August 2014

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Echinacea angustifolia.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Echinacea angustifolia DC.   Asteraceae  
Standardized common name (English): Echinacea angustifolia

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright bottomright

Echinacea angustifolia Tropicos 89103.jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Echinacea angustifolia (1) DG3502NSF A1393.jpg
Source: Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories[2]

Echinacea angustifolia (2) DG3502NSF A0102.jpg
Source: Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories[3]

Echinacea angustifolia Kew imageBarcode=K001065959 669580.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[4]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Odor faint, aromatic; taste sweetish, followed by a tingling sensation suggesting aconite, but lacking the persistent and benumbing effect produced by that drug.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [5]

Macroscopic Characteristics

The root is described as nearly entire, cylindrical, very slightly tapering and sometimes slightly spirally twisted, from 10 to 20 cm. in length and from 4 to 13 mm. in diameter, externally grayish-brown, light brown or purplish-brown, slightly annulate in the upper portion, with occasional V-shaped stem scars, somewhat longitudinally wrinkled, or furrowed; fracture short, fibrous, bark less than 1 mm. in thickness, wood thick and composed of alternate light yellowish and black wedges; the rhizome with a circular pith.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [6]

Microscopic Characteristics

Under the microscope, sections show the presence of intercellular (schizogenous) oil and resin cavities or reservoirs in both the wood and bark, numerous stone cells distinguished by the presence of a blackish, resinous substance in the intercellular spaces between them and some of the adjoining parenchyma, the latter containing masses or aggregates of inulin. The walls of the tracheae or vessels are marked with simple slitlike pores or annular and reticulate thickenings; bast fibers occur in the stem, and in some specimens true libriform or wood fibers are found.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [7]


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Echinacea angustifolia DC. -Asteraceae--1.jpg
Fibers showing black phtymelanin of Echinacea angustifolia root viewed under 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[8]

Echinacea angustifolia DC. -Asteraceae--2.jpg
Oleoresin found in Echinacea angustifolia root viewed under 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[9]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

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Echinacea angustifolia HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm

Narrow-leaf Echinacea (root) (Echinacea angustifolia)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 3 μL Echinacoside, Cynarin ~0.1% in Methanol
  2. 3 μL Echinacea angustifolia-1 (herb)
  3. 3 μL Echinacea angustifolia-2 (herb)
  4. 3 μL Echinacea angustifolia-3 (herb)
  5. 3 μL Echinacea angustifolia-3 (herb)
  6. 3 μL Echinacea angustifolia-4 (herb)
  7. 3 μL Echinacea angustifolia-5 (herb)
  8. 3 μL Caftaric Acid, Cichoric Acid ~0.1% in Methanol

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: MEK methylethyl ketone: HCOOH: H2O [5/3/1/1] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicate 10 min NO HEAT 

Detection Method Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see American Herbal Pharmacopoeia & Therapeutic Compendium


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [10]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/89103
  2. ↑ Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  3. ↑ Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  4. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K001065959
  5. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  6. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  7. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  9. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  10. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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