Echinacea pallida (root)

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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Echinacea pallida'' (root)}} {{askbox|herb=''Echinacea pallida''}} [[Category:Botanical]]
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''Introduction from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacea_pallida, retrieved 02/27/2012).''
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=Nomenclature=
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Echinacea pallida
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|authority=(Nutt.) Nutt.
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|family=Asteraceae
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|scn=''Echinacea pallida''
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|syn=
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|ayurvedic=
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|pinyin=
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|aka=pale-flower echinacea; pale purple coneflower
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|notes=}}
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
  
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''Echinacea pallida'' (Nutt.), commonly called Pale Purple Cone-flower, is a species of herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asteraceae. Its native range is the south central region of the United States.
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{{Media3    |cat=Voucher
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            | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
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            | mainimage=Echinacea_pallida_Tropicos_89110.jpg
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            | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
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            | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/89110
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            | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 25 Mar 2014 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/89110>
  
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''E. pallida'' is similar to ''E. angustifolia'', but plants often grow taller, ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 ft (45 to 75 cm) tall, with some growing 3 feet (90 cm) or more tall. Plants normally grow with one unbranched stem in the wild, but often produce multi-stemmed clumps in gardens. They have deep taproots that are spindle shaped, wider in the center and narrowing at the ends. Stems are green in color or mottled with purple and green. The leaves are elongated lanceolate or linear-lanceolate in shape with three veins. Flower head rays are narrow, linear, elongated, and drooping, ranging from 1 to 3 inches (2.5 to 7.6 cm) long. The flower heads are from ¾ to 3 inches (2 to 7.6 cm) wide with pale rose-purple or nearly white colored petals. The flowers have white pollen. The fruits are cypselae and are tan or bi-colored with angled edges.
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            | source2=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
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            | image2=Echinacea_pallida_Tropicos_89104.jpg
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            | companyimage2=TropicosLogo.gif
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            | companyURL2=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/89104
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            | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 25 Mar 2014 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/89104>
  
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It is native to the United States where it is found growing in dry soils, in rocky prairies, open wooded hillsides, and glades. It grows natively as far north as Michigan and southward in to Alabama and Texas, and has been introduced outside of its native range into Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, and Virginia. E. pallida blooms from May into July. The states of Tennessee and Wisconsin list the species as threatened, mostly due to habitat loss and over-collection of roots.
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            | source3=Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories
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            | image3=Echinacea pallida OA23004BMX1 A0103.jpg
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            | companyimage3=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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            | companyURL3=http://www.alkemist.com
  
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''The quoted text in this section was licensed for use under the Creative Commons ShareAlike License, version 3.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/''
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             | }}
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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{{Macroscopy | source=Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories
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            | mainimage=Echinacea pallida OA23004BMX1 A0103.jpg
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            | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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            | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
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            | caption1=''Echinacea pallida'' Botanical Voucher Specimen - Alkemists Laboratories
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             | description=''Echinacea pallida'' Botanical Voucher Specimen }}
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=Microscopic Entries=
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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{{Request | source=Information Request
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            | description=''Echinacea pallida'' (root)
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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              }}
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=HPTLC Entries=
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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=Other Points of Interest=
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
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=Supplementary Information=
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==HPTLC method, Schicke, ''et al.'', 2014==
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'''A sensitive TLC method to identify Echinaceae pallidae radix.'''
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<blockquote>'''Abstract.'''
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In this work a fast, simple and sensitive qualitative TLC method was developed to identify Echinaceae pallidae radix and to distinguish this drug from similar ones. The TLC method is based on the lipophilic compounds of E. pallida. Three mobile phases provided good separation, e.g. toluene/ethylacetate 7 + 3 (v/v). A marker substance was found which shows a blue fluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 366 nm after detection with a spray agent containing 95 volume parts ethanol 96%, 5 parts trifluoroacetic acid 99% and zinc ions in 0.15 molar concentration. After spraying the chromatogram was heated at 110 degrees C for 7 min. This method is superior to HPLC methods to characterise mixtures of Echinacea extracts in terms of selectivity due to this post-chromatographic derivatisation and subsequent fluorescence detection.<ref>
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    Schicke B., Hagels H., Freudenstein J., Wätzig H. 2004. A sensitive TLC method to identify Echinaceae pallidae radix.  ''Pharmazie.'' 59(8):608-11. http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=0031-7144&volume=59&issue=8&spage=608&aulast=Schicke</ref></blockquote>
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=Sources=
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<references />

Latest revision as of 20:11, 20 August 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Echinacea pallida.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

[edit] Nomenclature

Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.   Asteraceae  
Standardized common name (English): Echinacea pallida

[edit] Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright

Echinacea pallida Tropicos 89110.jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Echinacea pallida Tropicos 89104.jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[2]

Echinacea pallida OA23004BMX1 A0103.jpg
Source: Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories[3]

[edit] Organoleptic Characteristics

[edit] Macroscopic Characteristics

[edit] Microscopic Characteristics

[edit] High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

[edit] Supplementary Information

[edit] HPTLC method, Schicke, et al., 2014

A sensitive TLC method to identify Echinaceae pallidae radix.

Abstract. In this work a fast, simple and sensitive qualitative TLC method was developed to identify Echinaceae pallidae radix and to distinguish this drug from similar ones. The TLC method is based on the lipophilic compounds of E. pallida. Three mobile phases provided good separation, e.g. toluene/ethylacetate 7 + 3 (v/v). A marker substance was found which shows a blue fluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 366 nm after detection with a spray agent containing 95 volume parts ethanol 96%, 5 parts trifluoroacetic acid 99% and zinc ions in 0.15 molar concentration. After spraying the chromatogram was heated at 110 degrees C for 7 min. This method is superior to HPLC methods to characterise mixtures of Echinacea extracts in terms of selectivity due to this post-chromatographic derivatisation and subsequent fluorescence detection.[4]

[edit] Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/89110
  2. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/89104
  3. ↑ Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  4. ↑ Schicke B., Hagels H., Freudenstein J., Wätzig H. 2004. A sensitive TLC method to identify Echinaceae pallidae radix. Pharmazie. 59(8):608-11. http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/nlm?genre=article&issn=0031-7144&volume=59&issue=8&spage=608&aulast=Schicke
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