Panax ginseng (root)

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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Panax ginseng'' (root)}}
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''Introduction from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panax_ginseng, retrieved 02/27/2012).''
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=Nomenclature=
  
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''Ginseng'' (pronounced /ˈdʒɪnsɛŋ/[1]) is any one of eleven species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, belonging to the genus ''Panax'' of the family Araliaceae.
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
  
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''Ginseng'' is found only in the Northern Hemisphere, in North America and in eastern Asia (mostly Korea, northern China (Manchuria), and eastern Siberia), typically in cooler climates. ''Panax vietnamensis'', discovered in Vietnam, is the southernmost ginseng known. Ginseng is characterized by the presence of ginsenosides.
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
  
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The English word ginseng derives from the Chinese term rénshēn (simplified: 人参; traditional: 人蔘). Rén means "man" and shēn means a kind of herb; this refers to the root's characteristic forked shape, which resembles the legs of a man.[2] The English pronunciation derives from a southern Chinese reading, similar to Cantonese jên shên (Jyutping: jan4sam1) and the Hokkien pronunciation "jîn-sim".
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=Macroscopic Descriptions=
  
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The botanical/genus name ''Panax'' means "all-heal" in Greek, sharing the same origin as "panacea", and was applied to this genus because Linnaeus was aware of its wide use in Chinese medicine as a muscle relaxant.
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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Besides Panax ginseng, there are many other plants which are also known as or mistaken for the ginseng root. The most commonly known examples are Xiyangshen, also known as American Ginseng 西洋参 (''Panax quinquefolius''), Japanese ginseng 东洋参 (''Panax japonicus''), crown prince ginseng 太子參 (''Pseudostellaria heterophylla''), and Siberian ginseng 刺五加 (''Eleutherococcus senticosus''). Although all have the name ginseng, each plant has distinctively different functions. However, true ginseng plants belong to the ''Panax'' genus.
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{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories  
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''The quoted text in this section was licensed for use under the Creative Commons ShareAlike License, version 3.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/''
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             | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg            
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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             | companyURL= http://www.alkemist.com
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=Microscopic Entries=
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             | description= Cellular structures identified in ''Panax ginseng'' root are the rosettes of calcium oxalate and yellow secretion from a resin canal when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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             | companyURL=http://www.Alkemist.com
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            | mainimage=Panax Ginseng C.A. Mey -Araliaceae--1.jpg
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            | caption1=Rosettes of calcium oxalate observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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             | description= Korean Ginseng (root) (''Panax ginseng'')
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            | image2=Panax Ginseng C.A. Mey -Araliaceae--2.jpg
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            | caption2=Yellow secretion from a resin canal from ''Panax ginseng'' root observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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            | characteristics=cellular structures identified in ''Panax ginseng'' root are the rosettes of calcium oxalate and yellow secretion from a resin canal when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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             | reference=W.H.O. Monographs Vol. #1 1999
 
             | reference=W.H.O. Monographs Vol. #1 1999
 
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            | companyURL= http://www.alkemist.com}} || {{botcon |companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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| {{botimg |mainimage= Panax Ginseng C.A. Mey -Araliaceae--1.jpg
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          |caption1= Rosettes of calcium oxalate observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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          |source= Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com}}
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| {{botimg |mainimage= Panax Ginseng C.A. Mey -Araliaceae--2.jpg
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          |caption1= Yellow secretion from a resin canal from ''Panax ginseng'' root observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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          |source= Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com}}
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
  
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=HPTLC Entries=
 
 
{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
             | description=Asian Ginseng (root) (''Panax ginseng'')
 
             | description=Asian Ginseng (root) (''Panax ginseng'')
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=Other Points of Interest=
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=Supplementary Information=
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=Sources=
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<references />

Revision as of 17:27, 18 February 2014

Contents

Nomenclature

Botanical Voucher Specimen

Organoleptic Characteristics

Macroscopic Descriptions

Microscopic Characteristics

Cellular structures identified in Panax ginseng root are the rosettes of calcium oxalate and yellow secretion from a resin canal when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.

Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [1]
AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg


bottomright bottomright

Panax Ginseng C.A. Mey -Araliaceae--1.jpg
Rosettes of calcium oxalate observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com [2]

Panax Ginseng C.A. Mey -Araliaceae--2.jpg
Yellow secretion from a resin canal from Panax ginseng root observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com [3]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Panax ginseng HPTLC ID - 10% Methanolic Sulfuric Acid UV 365 nm

Asian Ginseng (root) (Panax ginseng)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 2 μL Panax ginseng-1 (root)
  2. 2 μL Panax ginseng-2 (root)
  3. 2 μL Panax ginseng-3 (root)
  4. 2 μL Panax ginseng-4 (root)
  5. 2 μL Panax ginseng-4 (root)
  6. 2 μL Panax quinquefolius-5 (root)
  7. 2 μL Panax ginseng-6 (root)
  8. 2 μL Ginsenoside-Rb1, Ginsenoside-Rc, Ginsenoside-Rd, Ginsenoside-Re, Ginsenoside Rf, Ginsenoside-Rg1 ~0.1% in MeOH

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase chloroform: ethyl acetate: CH3OH: water [3/8/4.4/1.8] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml 70% grain EtOH sonicate 10 minutes no heat 

Detection Method 10% Methanolic H2SO4 -> 115° C 15 min -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see American Herbal Pharmacopoeia & Therapeutic Compendium


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [4]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  2. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  3. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  4. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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