Theobroma cacao (fruit)

From AHPA Botanical Identity References Compendium
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
(create page)
 
(add Culbreth ref for macro)
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Theobroma cacao'' (fruit) }}
+
{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Theobroma cacao'' (fruit) }} {{askbox|herb=''Theobroma cacao''}}
 
=Nomenclature=
 
=Nomenclature=
 +
 +
{{nomenclature | binomial=Theobroma cacao
 +
|authority=L.
 +
|family=Sterculiaceae
 +
|scn=cacao
 +
|syn=
 +
|ayurvedic=
 +
|pinyin=
 +
|aka=
 +
|notes=This plant is sometimes referred to as “cocoa” or “chocolate,” but in fact those are names of food products manufactured from its fruit. }}
  
 
=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
 
=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
 +
{{Media2 |cat=Voucher
  
 +
| companyimage=Kewlogo.gif
 +
| companyURL=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000381047
 +
| mainimage=Theobroma cacao Kew barcode=K000381047 225205.jpg
 +
| source=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
 +
 +
| companyimage2=Kewlogo.gif
 +
| companyURL2=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K001132315
 +
| image2=Theobroma cacao Kew barcode=K001132315 713127.jpg
 +
| source2=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
 +
}}
 
=Organoleptic Characteristics=
 
=Organoleptic Characteristics=
 +
{| border=1
 +
|
 +
{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 +
| description=Cacao beans have a slightly aromatic, bitterish, oily taste, and, when bruised or heated, an agreeable odor. }}
 +
|}
 +
 +
=Macroscopic Characteristics=
 +
{| border=1
 +
|
 +
{{Macroscopy | source=Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
 +
| description='''Plant:''' Handsome tree 9-12 M. (30-40°) high, round branches, bark gray, smooth; leaves 20-22.5 Cm. (8-9') long, 6 Cm. (2 2/5') side, lanceolate, acute, round base, entire, veins prominent beneath, petiole 2.5 Cm. (1') long, thickened at both ends; young leaves pink; flowers pale pink, calyx and corolla 2.5 Cm. (1') broad, alike in color.
  
=Macroscopic Descriptions=
+
'''Fruit:''' Large, 15-17.5 Cm. (6-7') long, broadly fusiform, with 10 shallow furrows and blunt ridges, tuberculated, pendulous, single or 2-3 together, at first yellow, then red, purple, pericarp thick, tough, 5-celled; seeds many, closely packed in tiers, size of almonds, angular from pressure, immersed in copious, sweet buttery pulp, seed-coats 2, brownish.
 +
}}
 +
{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
 +
| description=''Theobroma Cacao'' Linn. is a handsome tree, from twelve to twenty feet in height, growing in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. [...] The fruit is an oblong-ovate capsule or berry, six or eight inches in length, with a thick, coriaceous, somewhat ligneous rind, enclosing a whitish pulp, in which numerous seeds are embedded. These are ovate, somewhat compressed, about as large as an almond, and consist of an exterior thin shell and a brown oily kernel. Separated from the matter in which they are enveloped, they constitute the cacao, or chocolate nuts, of commerce.}}
 +
|}
  
 
=Microscopic Characteristics=
 
=Microscopic Characteristics=
Line 17: Line 53:
  
 
<references />
 
<references />
[[Category:Botanical]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:17, 7 July 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Theobroma cacao.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Theobroma cacao L.   Sterculiaceae  
Standardized common name (English): cacao

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright

Theobroma cacao Kew barcode=K000381047 225205.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[1]

Theobroma cacao Kew barcode=K001132315 713127.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[2]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Cacao beans have a slightly aromatic, bitterish, oily taste, and, when bruised or heated, an agreeable odor.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [3]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Plant: Handsome tree 9-12 M. (30-40°) high, round branches, bark gray, smooth; leaves 20-22.5 Cm. (8-9') long, 6 Cm. (2 2/5') side, lanceolate, acute, round base, entire, veins prominent beneath, petiole 2.5 Cm. (1') long, thickened at both ends; young leaves pink; flowers pale pink, calyx and corolla 2.5 Cm. (1') broad, alike in color.

Fruit: Large, 15-17.5 Cm. (6-7') long, broadly fusiform, with 10 shallow furrows and blunt ridges, tuberculated, pendulous, single or 2-3 together, at first yellow, then red, purple, pericarp thick, tough, 5-celled; seeds many, closely packed in tiers, size of almonds, angular from pressure, immersed in copious, sweet buttery pulp, seed-coats 2, brownish.

Source: Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed. [4]

Theobroma Cacao Linn. is a handsome tree, from twelve to twenty feet in height, growing in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. [...] The fruit is an oblong-ovate capsule or berry, six or eight inches in length, with a thick, coriaceous, somewhat ligneous rind, enclosing a whitish pulp, in which numerous seeds are embedded. These are ovate, somewhat compressed, about as large as an almond, and consist of an exterior thin shell and a brown oily kernel. Separated from the matter in which they are enveloped, they constitute the cacao, or chocolate nuts, of commerce.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [5]

Microscopic Characteristics

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000381047
  2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K001132315
  3. United States Dispensatory (1918)
  4. Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
  5. United States Dispensatory (1918)
Personal tools
MediaWiki Appliance - Powered by TurnKey Linux