Withania somnifera (root)

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=Microscopic Characteristics=
 
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| description='''Transverse section:''' The young roots have less secondary tissue and prominent cortex. Primary xylem istetrarch. In matured roots, the cork cells are isodiametric and non-lignified. As theroots increases in diameter it produces more secondary tissue which has more ofray parenchyma cells.
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The cells are nearly square in shape and in rows. Cells are filled with starchgrains, small vascular bundles with one or two vessels and few fibers found in thesecondary xylem. Intercellular spaces are present in phloem parenchyma while it isabsent in xylem parenchyma. Fibers absent in phloem and present in xylem. Starchgrains, simple, reniform and oval, normally found in parenchyma of the cortex andvascular region.
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'''Powder:''' Nearly white in color, xylem vessels with scaleriform and pitted thickenings. Xylem parenchyma is having bordered pits. Plenty of starch grains varying in size, circular or oval in shape, singular andsometimes compound, 2- 3 grains.
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| {{botimg |mainimage=Withania somnifera - NR - Thick Root TS.png
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          |caption1=Thick root transverse section (x100)
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          |source=Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/}}
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| {{botimg |mainimage=Withania somnifera - NR - Root TS.png
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          |caption1=Root transverse section
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          |caption1=Root transverse section (x400)
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
 
=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
  

Revision as of 21:41, 6 November 2014

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Withania somnifera.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal   Solanaceae  
Standardized common name (English): ashwagandha  
Ayurvedic name(s): ashvagandha

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright

Withania somnifera Tropicos 100184298 (S).jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Organoleptic Characteristics

Color: Yellowish brown or light brown. Outer surface is buff to gray-yellow with longitudinal wrinkles and in the center soft, solid mass with scattered pores.

Odor: Characteristic.

Taste: Bitter and acrid.
Source: Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd [2]
Natural Remedies Logo.png

Macroscopic Characteristics

bottomright bottomright bottomright

Withania somnifera - NR - Aerial parts.png
Aerial parts
Source: Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/ [3]

Withania somnifera - EOL - Flower.jpg
Flower
Source: Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19246862 [4]

Withania somnifera - EOL - Fruit.jpg
Fruit
Source: Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19246863 [5]
bottomright bottomright

Withania somnifera - EOL - Ripe Fruit.jpg
Ripe Fruit
Source: Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19246864 [6]

Withania somnifera - NR - Dried Root.png
Dried roots
Source: Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/ [7]

Microscopic Characteristics

Transverse section: The young roots have less secondary tissue and prominent cortex. Primary xylem istetrarch. In matured roots, the cork cells are isodiametric and non-lignified. As theroots increases in diameter it produces more secondary tissue which has more ofray parenchyma cells.

The cells are nearly square in shape and in rows. Cells are filled with starchgrains, small vascular bundles with one or two vessels and few fibers found in thesecondary xylem. Intercellular spaces are present in phloem parenchyma while it isabsent in xylem parenchyma. Fibers absent in phloem and present in xylem. Starchgrains, simple, reniform and oval, normally found in parenchyma of the cortex andvascular region.

Powder: Nearly white in color, xylem vessels with scaleriform and pitted thickenings. Xylem parenchyma is having bordered pits. Plenty of starch grains varying in size, circular or oval in shape, singular andsometimes compound, 2- 3 grains.

Source: Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd [8]
Natural Remedies Logo.png


bottomright bottomright bottomright

Withania somnifera - NR - Thick Root TS.png
Thick root transverse section (x100)
Source: Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/ [9]

Withania somnifera - NR - Root TS.png
Root transverse section
Source: Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/ [10]

Withania somnifera - NR - Root TS x400.png
Root transverse section (x400)
Source: Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/ [11]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100184298
  2. ↑ Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/
  3. ↑ Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/
  4. ↑ Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19246862
  5. ↑ Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19246863
  6. ↑ Encyclopedia of Life http://eol.org/data_objects/19246864
  7. ↑ Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/
  8. ↑ Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/
  9. ↑ Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/
  10. ↑ Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/
  11. ↑ Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd http://www.naturalremedy.com/
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