Ilex paraguariensis (leaf)

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AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Ilex paraguariensis.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.   Aquifoliaceae  
Standardized common name (English): mate

Botanical Voucher Specimen

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Ilex paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588521 244366.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[1]

Ilex paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588522 244367.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[2]

Ilex paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588523 244368.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[3]

Ilex paraguariensis var. paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588520 244365.jpg
Ilex paranguariensis var. paraguariensis
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[4]

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Ilex paraguariensis var. vestita Kew imageBarcode=K000588526 244373.jpg
Ilex paraguariensis var. vestita
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[5]


Organoleptic Characteristics

[Ilex paraguariensis ...] a balsamic odor and bitter taste, and are usually at first disagreeable to the palate.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [6]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Microscopic Characteristics

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Ilex paraguariensis - Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Lower epidermis showing actinocytic stomata observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[7]

Ilex paraguariensis-1- Alkemist Laboratories.png
Epidermis showing thick cell walls observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[8]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Ilex paraguariensis HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm

Yerba Mate (leaf) (Ilex paraguariensis)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 2 μL Caffeine ~0.1% in CH3OH
  2. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-1 (leaf)
  3. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-2 (leaf)
  4. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-3 (leaf)
  5. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-3 (leaf)
  6. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-4 (leaf)
  7. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-5 (leaf)
  8. 4 μL Theobromine ~0.1% in CH3OH

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: formic acid: water [10/1.1/1.1/2.4] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicate/heat @ 50° C ~ 1/2 hr 

Detection Method Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Max Wichtl, 3rd ed., 2004


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [9]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588521
  2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588522
  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588523
  4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588520
  5. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588526
  6. United States Dispensatory (1918)
  7. Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  8. Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  9. Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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