Salvia officinalis (leaf)

Nomenclature

Salvia officinalis L.   Lamiaceae  
Standardized common name (English): sage

Botanical Voucher Specimen

Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org

Organoleptic Characteristics

[Salvia officinalis (leaf)] odor aromatic; taste aromatic, bitter, and somewhat astringent. Source: United States Dispensatory (1918)

Macroscopic Characteristics

[Salvia officinalis] is a perennial plant, about two feet high, with a quadrangular, pubescent, branching, shrubby stem, furnished with opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, crenulate, wrinkled leaves, of a grayish-green color, sometimes tinged with red or purple. The flowers are blue, variegated with white and purple, and are disposed on long terminal spikes, in distant whorls, each composed of a few flowers, and provided with ovate, acute, deciduous bracts. The calyx is tubular and striated, with two lips, of which the upper has three acute teeth, the under two. The corolla is tubular, bilabiate, ringent, with the upper lip concave, and the lower divided into three rounded lobes, of which the middle is the largest. The filaments are supported upon short pedicels, to which they are affixed transversely at the middle. [Leaves] long and stoutly petiolate, the blade elliptical or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 Cm. long, obtuse or subacute at the summit, rounded or subcordate at the base, finely crenulate, thick, grayish-green, very pubescent, especially on the under surface, conspicuously reticulate-veined ... Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) Source: PlantaPhile Source: PlantaPhile

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Sage (leaf) HPTLC ID - Anisaldehyde reagent, white RT Sage (leaf) (Salvia officinalis) Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample): 3µL Sage oil 3µL Clary sage oil 10µL Cineole, thujon (with increasing Rf) 5µL Sage leaf 7µL Sage leaf 10µL Sage leaf 5µL Clary sage leaf 7µL Clary sage leaf 10µL Clary sage leaf 5µL Spanish sage leaf 7µL Spanish sage leaf 10µL Spanish sage leaf 5µL Three-lobed sage leaf 7µL Three-lobed sage leaf 10µL Three-lobed sage leaf  Reference Sample(s) Reference: Dissolve 5 mg of thujon in 1 mL of methanol; Dissolve 25 µL of cineole in 10 mL of toluene.  Stationary Phase Stationary phase, i.e. Silica gel 60, F254  Mobile Phase Dichloromethane  Sample Preparation Method Sample: Mix 500 mg of powdered sample with 5 mL of methanol and sonicate for 10 minutes, then centrifuge or filter the solutions and use the supernatants / filtrates as test solutions. Derivatization reagent: Anisaldehyde reagent, Preparation: 170 mL of ice-cooled methanol add 20 mL of glacial acetic acid, 10 mL of sulfuric acid and 1 mL of anisaldehyde, Use: spray, heat at 100°C for 5 min  Detection Method Saturated chamber; developing distance 70 mm from lower edge; relative humidity 33%  Other Notes Images presented in this entry are examples and are not intended to be used as basis for setting specifications for quality control purposes. System suitability test: Thujon: violet zone at Rf ~ 0.47; Cineole: violet zone at Rf ~ 0.27. Identification: Compare result with reference images. The fingerprint of the test solution is similar to that of the corresponding botanical reference sample. Additional weak zones may be present. The chromatogram of the test solution shows a violet zone just below the solvent front. A weak yellow zone is seen at Rf ~ 0.50 (green arrow). There is a violet zone at Rf ~ 0.30 and slightly below reference cineole there is another violet zone. A yellow zone is seen at Rf ~ 0.20 and there is a blue violet zone just below it. Test for other species: No violet zone is seen at the position of thujon (Three-lobed sage leaf, blue arrow). Source: HPTLC Association

Sage oil (leaf) HPTLC ID - Anisaldehyde reagent, white RT Sage oil (leaf) (Salvia officinalis) Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample): 7µL Sage leaf 7µL Clary sage leaf 7µL Spanish sage leaf 7µL Three-lobe sage leaf 2µL Thujon 2µL Cineol 1µL Sage oil 3µL Sage oil 5µL Sage oil 1µL Clary sage oil 3µL Clary sage oil 5µL Clary sage oil 1µL Spanish sage oil 3µL Spanish sage oil 5µL Spanish sage oil  Reference Sample(s) Reference: Dissolve 1 mg of thujon in 1 mL of toluene. Dissolve 30 µL of cineole in 10 mL of toluene.  Stationary Phase Stationary phase, i.e. Silica gel 60, F254  Mobile Phase Dichloromethane  Sample Preparation Method Sample: Mix 100 µL of sample with 10 mL of toluene. Derivatization reagent: Anisaldehyde reagent, Preparation: To 170 mL of ice-cooled methanol add 20 mL of acetic acid, 10 mL of sulfuric acid and 1 mL of anisaldehyde, Use: spray, heat at 100°C for 5 min.  Detection Method Saturated chamber; developing distance 70 mm from lower edge; relative humidity 33%  Other Notes Images presented in this entry are examples and are not intended to be used as basis for setting specifications for quality control purposes. System suitability test: Thujon: weak pink zone at Rf ~ 0.47; Cineole: violet zone at Rf ~ 0.27. Identification: Compare result with reference images. The fingerprint of the test solution is similar to that of the corresponding botanical reference sample. Additional weak zones may be present. The chromatogram of the test solution shows a grey zone at Rf ~ 0.54. At the position of reference thujon there is a diffuse pink zone (black arrow). Below it there is another pink zone. Just below the position of reference cineole a violet zone is seen. Below this zone there is an intense grey zone at Rf ~ 0.20. Test for other species: No zone is seen below the grey zone at Rf ~ 0.20 (green arrow, Clary sage oil). The chromatograms of Spanish sage oil and Clary sage oil lack the zone at the position of thujon. Source: HPTLC Association