Cinnamomum verum (bark)

From AHPA Botanical Identity References Compendium
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             | flavor=Sweet, pungent, slightly astringent.
 
             | flavor=Sweet, pungent, slightly astringent.
 
             | scent=Delicately fragrant and aromatic.}}
 
             | scent=Delicately fragrant and aromatic.}}
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{{Macroscopy | source=Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
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|description= 
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            | flavor=Sweetish, warmly aromatic.
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            | scent=Agreeably aromatic.}}
 
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
 
=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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{{Macroscopy | source=Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
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| description='''Plants:''' Handsome evergreen trees, 6-9 M. (20-30°) high, truck .3-.5 M. (12-18') thick, young twigs slightly quadrangular; leaves coriaceous, 3-5-nerved, but only midrib reaches apex, bright glossy-green above, glaucous beneath, 10-20 Cm. (4-8') long; flowers Jan.-March, small, hermaphrodite or polygamous, fleshy, black, ovoid, size of small olive, adhering, like acorn, to cup-shaped perianth.
  
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'''Bark:''' (''C. zeylanicum''): ''Ceylon'' [Syn. ''Cinnamomum (acutum) verum''], in closely rolled double quills of 7-12 thin layers of separate pieces of bark, 30-50 Cm. (12-20') long, 8-13 Mm. (1/3-1/2') broad, bark 1 Mm. (1/25') thick, pale yellowish-brown, smooth, longitudinally striate with narrow groups of bast-fibres and brownish patches, occasional perforations marking the nodes, inner surface light brown, with faint longitudinal striations; fracture short with projecting bast-fibres.
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
 
=Microscopic Characteristics=
 
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             | adulterants=Adulterations as for Cassia cinnamon; inferior cassia barks, clove bark, flour, inert vegetable substances.
 
             | adulterants=Adulterations as for Cassia cinnamon; inferior cassia barks, clove bark, flour, inert vegetable substances.
 
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{{Microscopy | source=Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
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| description=Powder, yellowish-brown; microscopically--numerous starch grains, 0.003-.02 Mm. (1/8325-1/1250') broad, colorless stone cells, numerous cellular reddish-brown fragments, calcium oxalate raphides; ''Saigon'' has many cork cells, ''Ceylon'' [Ed-Syn. ''verum'' in text] few or none, while bast-fibres of former are in groups of 2-20, of latter single and fusiform.
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            | adulterants=Bark: 1, ''Cassia'' bark, and a closely resembling bark of unknown derivation, having lighter gray color and coarser structure identified by weak odor and taste; possibly unscraped ''Guava'' bark quills, and clove bark; 2, Scarcely possible in the entire state; Powder: That of either variety not found on the market, all so labeled being cassia, which is subject to endless admixtures--chips, siftings, buds, walnut-shells, oil stone, flour, sand, beans, grains, starch, clove buds--exhausted drug, by percolation, distillation; ash (sometimes) 8-10 p. c.; Oil: That distilled from flowers and roots, phenol, oil of clove, petroleum, colophony, lead.
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{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories

Latest revision as of 16:42, 2 June 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Cinnamomum verum.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Cinnamomum verum J. Presl   Lauraceae  
Standardized common name (English): cinnamon  
Ayurvedic name(s): tvak

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright

Cinnamomum verum Tropicos 100003409.jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Cinnamomum verum AW17807JD1 A0075.jpg
Source: Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories[2]

Cinnamomum verum Kew imageBarcode=K000350931 44160.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[3]

Organoleptic Characteristics

  

Color Rather light cinnamon brown (reddish brown). 

Scent Delicately fragrant and aromatic. 

Flavor Sweet, pungent, slightly astringent.

Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. [4]

  

Scent Agreeably aromatic. 

Flavor Sweetish, warmly aromatic.

Source: Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed. [5]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Plants: Handsome evergreen trees, 6-9 M. (20-30°) high, truck .3-.5 M. (12-18') thick, young twigs slightly quadrangular; leaves coriaceous, 3-5-nerved, but only midrib reaches apex, bright glossy-green above, glaucous beneath, 10-20 Cm. (4-8') long; flowers Jan.-March, small, hermaphrodite or polygamous, fleshy, black, ovoid, size of small olive, adhering, like acorn, to cup-shaped perianth.

Bark: (C. zeylanicum): Ceylon [Syn. Cinnamomum (acutum) verum], in closely rolled double quills of 7-12 thin layers of separate pieces of bark, 30-50 Cm. (12-20') long, 8-13 Mm. (1/3-1/2') broad, bark 1 Mm. (1/25') thick, pale yellowish-brown, smooth, longitudinally striate with narrow groups of bast-fibres and brownish patches, occasional perforations marking the nodes, inner surface light brown, with faint longitudinal striations; fracture short with projecting bast-fibres.

Source: Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed. [6]

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PlantaPhile - 899.jpg
Source: PlantaPhile[7]

PlantaPhile - 259.jpg
Source: PlantaPhile[8]

Microscopic Characteristics

Histology much like that of Cassia Cinnamon; bast cells are more abundant and the cells of the outer cork wanting; starch less abundant. It is possible to distinguish this cinnamon from the other two by the larger sclerenchyma cells and absence of outer cork and epidermal tissues.

Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed. [9]


Powder, yellowish-brown; microscopically--numerous starch grains, 0.003-.02 Mm. (1/8325-1/1250') broad, colorless stone cells, numerous cellular reddish-brown fragments, calcium oxalate raphides; Saigon has many cork cells, Ceylon [Ed-Syn. verum in text] few or none, while bast-fibres of former are in groups of 2-20, of latter single and fusiform.

Source: Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed. [10]


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Cinnamon 1.jpg
Thick walled fiber when observed at 400X with Acidified chloral Hydrate Soln.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[11]

Cinnamon 2.jpg
Large resin cells showing dark red contents observed at 400X with Acidified chloral Hydrate Soln.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[12]

Microanalysis powdered vegetable google ver cinnamon verum.png
Ceylon Cinnamon (powdered bark) (Cinnamomum verum) / (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees)
Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.[13]

Microanalysis powdered vegetable google ver cinnamon cassia.png
Compare to Cinnamon aromaticum.
Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.[14]

Microanalysis powdered vegetable google ver cinnamon loureiroi.png
Compare to Cinnamon loureiroi.
Source: Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.[15]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100003409
  2. Botanical Voucher Specimen Library, Alkemists Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000350931
  4. Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  5. Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
  6. Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
  7. PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
  8. PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
  9. Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  10. Culbreth, D. (1917) A Manual of Materia Media and Pharmacology, 6th ed.
  11. Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  12. Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  13. Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  14. Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
  15. Schneider, A. (1921) The Microanalysis of Powdered Vegetable Drugs, 2nd ed.
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