Ilex paraguariensis (leaf)

From AHPA Botanical Identity References Compendium
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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ilex paraguariensis'' (leaf) }} {{askbox|herb=''Ilex paraguariensis''}}
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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=Nomenclature=
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=Microscopic Entries=
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=HPTLC Entries=
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Ilex paraguariensis
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=Other Points of Interest=
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|authority=A. St.-Hil.
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[[Category:blank]]
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|family=Aquifoliaceae
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|scn=mate
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|syn=
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|ayurvedic=
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|pinyin=
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|aka=Paraguay tea; yerba mate
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|notes= Ed. Note: The use of the accepted binomial nomenclature is generally considered to be a permissible option to the Standard Common Name in identifying botanical ingredients. In the case of the caffeine-containing Ilex paraguariensis however, it is recommended that the name "mate" be used on labeling of consumer products to avoid potential confusion. }}
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
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{{media4 |cat=voucher
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| source=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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| companyimage=Kewlogo.gif
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| companyURL=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588521
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| mainimage=Ilex_paraguariensis_Kew_imageBarcode%3DK000588521_244366.jpg
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| source2=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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| companyimage2=Kewlogo.gif
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| companyURL2=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588522
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| image2=Ilex_paraguariensis_Kew_imageBarcode%3DK000588522_244367.jpg
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| source3=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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| companyimage3=Kewlogo.gif
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| companyURL3=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588523
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| image3=Ilex_paraguariensis_Kew_imageBarcode%3DK000588523_244368.jpg
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| companyimage4=Kewlogo.gif
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| source4=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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| companyURL4=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588520
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| image4=Ilex_paraguariensis_var._paraguariensis_Kew_imageBarcode%3DK000588520_244365.jpg
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| caption4=''Ilex paranguariensis'' var. ''paraguariensis''
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| }}
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{{Media | cat=Voucher
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| source=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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| companyimage=Kewlogo.gif
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| companyURL=http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588526
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| mainimage=Ilex_paraguariensis_var._vestita_Kew_imageBarcode%3DK000588526_244373.jpg
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| caption1=''Ilex paraguariensis'' var. ''vestita''
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| }}
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=[''Ilex paraguariensis'' ...] a balsamic odor and bitter taste, and are usually at first disagreeable to the palate. }}
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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            | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
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            | mainimage= Ilex_paraguariensis_-_Alkemist_Laboratories.jpg
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            | caption1=Lower epidermis showing actinocytic stomata observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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| source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | companyimage2= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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            | companyURL2=http://www.alkemist.com
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            | image2= Ilex_paraguariensis-1-_Alkemist_Laboratories.png
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            | caption2=Epidermis showing thick cell walls observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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            | reference= Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Max Wichtl, 3rd ed., 2004
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            | }}
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
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{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | description=Yerba Mate (leaf) (''Ilex paraguariensis'')
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            | companyimage=AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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            | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
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            | mainimage=Ilex_paraguariensis_-_Alkemists_Laboratories.jpg
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            | caption1=''Ilex paraguariensis'' HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm
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            | stationaryphase=Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates
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            | mobilephase=ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: formic acid: water [10/1.1/1.1/2.4]
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            | prep=0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicate/heat @ 50° C ~ 1/2 hr
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            | detection=Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm
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            | lanes= Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):
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# 2 μL Caffeine ~0.1% in CH3OH
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# 3 μL ''Ilex paraguariensis''-1 (leaf)
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# 3 μL ''Ilex paraguariensis''-2 (leaf)
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# 3 μL ''Ilex paraguariensis''-3 (leaf)
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# 3 μL ''Ilex paraguariensis''-3 (leaf)
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# 3 μL ''Ilex paraguariensis''-4 (leaf)
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# 3 μL ''Ilex paraguariensis''-5 (leaf)
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# 4 μL Theobromine ~0.1% in CH3OH
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Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA.
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            | reference=Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Max Wichtl, 3rd ed., 2004
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            | }}
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=Supplementary Information=
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=Sources=
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<references />

Latest revision as of 18:34, 17 March 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Ilex paraguariensis.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.   Aquifoliaceae  
Standardized common name (English): mate

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright bottomright bottomright bottomright

Ilex paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588521 244366.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[1]

Ilex paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588522 244367.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[2]

Ilex paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588523 244368.jpg
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[3]

Ilex paraguariensis var. paraguariensis Kew imageBarcode=K000588520 244365.jpg
Ilex paranguariensis var. paraguariensis
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[4]
bottomright

Ilex paraguariensis var. vestita Kew imageBarcode=K000588526 244373.jpg
Ilex paraguariensis var. vestita
Source: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[5]


Organoleptic Characteristics

[Ilex paraguariensis ...] a balsamic odor and bitter taste, and are usually at first disagreeable to the palate.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [6]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Microscopic Characteristics

bottomright bottomright

Ilex paraguariensis - Alkemist Laboratories.jpg
Lower epidermis showing actinocytic stomata observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[7]

Ilex paraguariensis-1- Alkemist Laboratories.png
Epidermis showing thick cell walls observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[8]

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Ilex paraguariensis HPTLC ID - Natural Product Reagent + PEG UV 365 nm

Yerba Mate (leaf) (Ilex paraguariensis)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 2 μL Caffeine ~0.1% in CH3OH
  2. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-1 (leaf)
  3. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-2 (leaf)
  4. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-3 (leaf)
  5. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-3 (leaf)
  6. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-4 (leaf)
  7. 3 μL Ilex paraguariensis-5 (leaf)
  8. 4 μL Theobromine ~0.1% in CH3OH

Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: formic acid: water [10/1.1/1.1/2.4] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3 g + 3 ml CH3OH sonicate/heat @ 50° C ~ 1/2 hr 

Detection Method Natural Product Reagent + PEG -> UV 365 nm 

Reference see Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Max Wichtl, 3rd ed., 2004


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [9]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588521
  2. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588522
  3. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588523
  4. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588520
  5. ↑ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000588526
  6. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  7. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  8. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  9. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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