Plantago ovata (seed husk)

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=Introduction=
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Plantago ovata'' (seed husk) }} {{askbox|herb=''Plantago ovata''}}
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''Introduction from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_ovata and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psyllium_seed_husks, retrieved 02/27/2012).''
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=Nomenclature=
  
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''Plantago ovata'' (Desert Indianwheat, Blond Psyllium; syn. ''Plantago brunnea'' Morris, ''Plantago fastigiata'' Morris, ''Plantago gooddingii'' A. Nels. & Kennedy, ''Plantago insularis'' Eastw., ''Plantago insularis'' Eastw. var. ''fastigiata'' (Morris) Jepson, ''Plantago insularis'' Eastw. var. ''scariosa'' (Morris) Jepson, ''Plantago minima'' A. Cunningham) is a medicinal plant native to Western Asia and Southern Asia.
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{{nomenclature | binomial=Plantago ovata
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|authority=Forssk.
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|family=Plantaginaceae
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|scn=Indian plantain
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|syn=''Plantago ispaghula'' Roxb. ex Fleming
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|ayurvedic=
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|pinyin=
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|aka=blonde psyllium (seed); Indian psyllium; ispaghula (seed)
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|notes=The standard common name of the seed of P. ovata and other species of Plantago is psyllium. }}
  
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It is a common source of psyllium seed husks, a material used as dietary fiber.
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=Botanical Voucher Specimen=
  
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The plant can be found growing wild in the southwestern United States, where it is an introduced species.
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{{Media    |cat=Voucher
  
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Psyllium seed husks also known as ispaghula, isabgol, or psyllium, are portions of the seeds of the plant ''Plantago ovata'', (genus ''Plantago''), a native of India. They are hygroscopic (that is they absorb water expanding and become mucilaginous.
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            | source=MOBOT, Tropicos.org
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            | mainimage=Plantago_ovata_Tropicos_100186592_(S).jpg
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            | companyimage=TropicosLogo.gif
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            | companyURL=http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100186592
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            | reference=Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 26 Mar 2014 <http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100186592>
  
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Psyllium seed husk are indigestible and are a source of soluble dietary fiber.
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            | }}
  
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''The quoted text in this section was licensed for use under the Creative Commons ShareAlike License, version 3.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/''
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=Organoleptic Characteristics=
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=Macroscopic Entries=
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{| border=1
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=Microscopic Entries=
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|
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{{Organolepsy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=No odor or taste.}}
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|}
  
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{{Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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=Macroscopic Characteristics=
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{| border=1
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|
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{{Macroscopy | source=United States Dispensatory (1918)
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| description=''Plantago ovata'' ... is a herbaceous plant ... either erect or decumbent and varies in height from 2.5 cm. to 1 dm. The leaves are ovate and either glabrous or shaggy hairy. The flower spikes are either cylindrical or reduced to a globular head.
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Seeds boat-shaped, somewhat acute at one end, from two to three millimetres long and from one to one and a half millimetres wide; pale greyish-brown, with a darker elongated spot on the convex side; on the concave side the hilum covered with the remains of a thin white membrane. In water the testa swells, producing a viscous mucilage.}}
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{{ Media    | cat=Macroscopy
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            | source=PlantaPhile
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            | mainimage=PlantaPhile - 2605.jpg
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            | companyimage=PlantaPhile logo.jpg
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            | companyURL=http://plantaphile.com/
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            | }}
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|}
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=Microscopic Characteristics=
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{{Media2 |cat=Microscopy | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
             | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
 
             | companyimage= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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             | companyURL=http://www.Alkemist.com
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             | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
 
             | mainimage=Psyllium Husk.jpg
 
             | mainimage=Psyllium Husk.jpg
 
             | caption1=Epidermal cells of the husks in surface view containing mucilage observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
             | caption1=Epidermal cells of the husks in surface view containing mucilage observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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             | description=Psyllium (seed husk) (''Plantago ovata'')
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| source2=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
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            | companyimage2= AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
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             | companyURL2=http://www.alkemist.com
 
             | image2=Psyllium Husk-1.jpg
 
             | image2=Psyllium Husk-1.jpg
 
             | caption2=Parenchyma cells seen under polarized light observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
             | caption2=Parenchyma cells seen under polarized light observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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              | characteristics=cellular structures identified in this botanical specimen are the epidermal cells of the husks in surface view containing mucilage and the parenchyma cells seen under polarized light when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
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            | characteristics=cellular structures identified in this botanical specimen are the epidermal cells of the husks in surface view containing mucilage and the parenchyma cells seen under polarized light when observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
 
             | reference=British Pharmacopoeia, 2011
 
             | reference=British Pharmacopoeia, 2011
 
             | }}
 
             | }}
  
  
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=HPTLC Entries=
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=High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification=
 
{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
{{HPTLC | source=Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories
 
             | description=Psyllium (husk) (''Plantago ovata'')
 
             | description=Psyllium (husk) (''Plantago ovata'')
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             | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
 
             | companyURL=http://www.alkemist.com
 
             | mainimage=Plantago_ovata_husks_-_Alkemists_Laboratories.jpg
 
             | mainimage=Plantago_ovata_husks_-_Alkemists_Laboratories.jpg
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             | caption1= ‘’Plantago ovata’’ HPTLC ID - Vanillin/H2SO4 Reagent-> 110° C 5 min -> visible light
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             | caption1= ''Plantago ovata'' HPTLC ID - Vanillin/H2SO4 Reagent-> 110° C 5 min -> visible light
 
             | stationaryphase=Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates
 
             | stationaryphase=Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates
 
             | mobilephase=ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: methanol: water [6/1.5/1.5/1]
 
             | mobilephase=ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: methanol: water [6/1.5/1.5/1]
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             | }}
 
             | }}
  
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=Other Points of Interest=
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=Supplementary Information=
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=Sources=
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<references />

Latest revision as of 15:38, 5 May 2015

AHPA recognizes other valuable resources exist regarding the identity of Plantago ovata.

To submit a suggestion or contribution, please contact Merle Zimmermann.

Contents

Nomenclature

Plantago ovata Forssk.   Plantaginaceae  
Syn. Plantago ispaghula Roxb. ex Fleming  
Standardized common name (English): Indian plantain

Botanical Voucher Specimen

bottomright

Plantago ovata Tropicos 100186592 (S).jpg
Source: MOBOT, Tropicos.org[1]

Organoleptic Characteristics

No odor or taste.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [2]

Macroscopic Characteristics

Plantago ovata ... is a herbaceous plant ... either erect or decumbent and varies in height from 2.5 cm. to 1 dm. The leaves are ovate and either glabrous or shaggy hairy. The flower spikes are either cylindrical or reduced to a globular head.

Seeds boat-shaped, somewhat acute at one end, from two to three millimetres long and from one to one and a half millimetres wide; pale greyish-brown, with a darker elongated spot on the convex side; on the concave side the hilum covered with the remains of a thin white membrane. In water the testa swells, producing a viscous mucilage.

Source: United States Dispensatory (1918) [3]
bottomright

PlantaPhile - 2605.jpg
Source: PlantaPhile[4]

Microscopic Characteristics

bottomright bottomright

Psyllium Husk.jpg
Epidermal cells of the husks in surface view containing mucilage observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[5]

Psyllium Husk-1.jpg
Parenchyma cells seen under polarized light observed at 400x with Acidified Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories[6]


High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification

AP-LOGO-Laboratories Crop - Copy.jpg
(thumbnail)
Plantago ovata HPTLC ID - Vanillin/H2SO4 Reagent-> 110° C 5 min -> visible light

Psyllium (husk) (Plantago ovata)

Lane Assignments Lanes, from left to right (Track, Volume, Sample):

  1. 3 μL Arabinose~0.1% in CH3OH
  2. 3 μL Plantago ovata-1 (husk)
  3. 5 μL Plantago ovata-1 (husk)
  4. 4 μL Plantago ovata-2 (husk)
  5. 4 μL Plantago ovata-2 (husk)
  6. 5 μL Plantago ovata-3 (husk)
  7. 3 μL Plantago ovata-3 (husk)
  8. 3 μL Galactose~0.1% in CH3OH


Reference materials used here have been authenticated by macroscopic, microscopic &/or TLC studies according to the reference source cited below held at Alkemists Laboratories, Costa Mesa, CA. 

Stationary Phase Silica gel 60, F254, 10 x 10 cm HPTLC plates 

Mobile Phase ethyl acetate: glacial acetic acid: methanol: water [6/1.5/1.5/1] 

Sample Preparation Method 0.3g+3mL 70% grain EtOH sonicate/heat @~50° C ~ 1/2 hr 

Detection Method Vanillin/H2SO4 Reagent-> 110° C 5 min -> visible light 

Reference see Method Developed by Alkemists Laboratories


Source: Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories [7]

Supplementary Information

Sources

  1. ↑ MOBOT, Tropicos.org http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100186592
  2. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  3. ↑ United States Dispensatory (1918)
  4. ↑ PlantaPhile http://plantaphile.com/
  5. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  6. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
  7. ↑ Elan M. Sudberg, Alkemist Laboratories http://www.alkemist.com
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